pseudorabies/강낭콩

Neurons lying in the white matter of the upper cervical spinal cord become transneuronally labelled following pseudorabies virus injections into the kidney or stellate ganglion, suggesting that they project directly to sympathetic preganglionic neurons. In the present study, we extend these findings

The mammalian medial vestibular nucleus (MVe) receives input from all vestibular endorgans and provides extensive projections to the central nervous system. Recent studies have demonstrated projections from the MVe to the circadian rhythm system. In addition, there are known projections from the MVe

The periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) serves as the midbrain link between forebrain emotional processing systems and motor pathways used in the defense reaction. Part of this response depends upon PAG efferent pathways that modulate cardiovascular-related sympathetic outflow systems, including those

Chemical stimulation of the lateral or ventrolateral columns of the midbrain periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) in conscious animals produces opposite responses (viz., defensive behavior and pressor responses from the lateral column vs. quiescence and depressor responses from the ventrolateral

The paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) integrates multiple inputs via projections from arginine vasopressin (AVP)- and oxytocin (OXT)-containing neurons to the brain stem and spinal cord as well as regulates respiratory and cardiovascular stress-related responses, which also affect

In the male rat, serotoninergic neurons of the ventrolateral medulla send direct projections onto spinal preganglionic neurons that innervate the penis. The role of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus in the control of penile erection is well recognized. Our aim was to demonstrate