Monochromatic lights-induced trends in antioxidant and antidiabetic polyphenol accumulation in in vitro callus cultures of Lepidium sativum L.

Lepidium sativum L. is an important edible, herbaceous plant with huge medicinal value as cardio-protective, hepatoprotective and antitumor agent. This study was designed and performed to investigate biosynthesis of plant's active ingredients in callus cultures of L. sativum in response to the exposure of multi spectral lights. Optimum biomass accumulation (15.36 g/L DW), total phenolic and flavonoid contents (TPC; 47.43 mg/g; TFC; 9.41 mg/g) were recorded in calli placed under white light (24 h) compared to rest of the treatments. Antioxidant enzymatic activities i.e. superoxide dismutase and peroxidase were found optimum in cultures exposed to green light (SOD; 0.054 nM/min/mg FW, POD; 0.501 nM/min/mg FW). Phytochemical analysis further confirmed the potential influence of white light exposure on enhanced production of plant's metabolites. Significant enhancement level of major metabolic compounds such as chlorogenic acid (7.20 mg/g DW), quercetin (22.08 mg/g DW), kaempferol (7.77 mg/g DW) and minor compounds including ferulic acid, sinapic acid, protocatechuic acid, vanillic acid and caffeic acid were recorded in white light compared to control (photoperiod), whereas blue light increased the p-coumaric acid accumulation. Moreover, callus cultures of this plant under white light (24 h) showed highest in vitro based anti-diabetic and antioxidant activities compared to other conditions. Finding of our current study revealed that multi spectral lights are proved to be an effective strategy for enhancing metabolic quantity of antioxidant and anti-diabetic bioactive compounds in callus cultures of L. sativum L.