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Biosynthesis of tetrahydrofolate in plants: crystal structure of 7,8-dihydroneopterin aldolase from Arabidopsis thaliana reveals a novel adolase class.

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Dihydroneopterin aldolase (DHNA) catalyses a retroaldol reaction yielding 6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropterin, a biosynthetic precursor of the vitamin, tetrahydrofolate. The enzyme is a potential target for antimicrobial and anti-parasite chemotherapy. A gene specifying a dihydroneopterin aldolase

Novel interaction of selenium-binding protein with glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and fructose-bisphosphate aldolase of Arabidopsis thaliana

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The metabolic role and regulation of selenium, particularly in plants, is poorly understood. One of the proteins probably involved in the metabolic regulation of this element is the selenium-binding protein (SBP) with homologues present across prokaryotic and eukaryotic species. The high degree of

The sugar-metabolic enzymes aldolase and triose-phosphate isomerase are targets of glutathionylation in Arabidopsis thaliana: detection using biotinylated glutathione.

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GSH has multiple actions in physiological responses of plants, but the molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. GSH plays an important role in functional alteration of proteins by reversible covalent incorporation (glutathionylation) in vertebrate cells. To investigate the function of

Structural analysis of the chloroplastic and cytoplasmic aldolase-encoding genes implicated the occurrence of multiple loci in rice.

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The genes AldP and AldC-a, encoding the rice chloroplastic (cp) and cytoplasmic (ct) types of aldolase, respectively, were isolated and sequenced, and their transcription start points (tsp) were determined. Organization of the two genes was found to differ greatly; AldP consisted of six exons while

Molecular Evolution of the Substrate Specificity of Chloroplastic Aldolases/Rubisco Lysine Methyltransferases in Plants.

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Rubisco and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolases (FBAs) are involved in CO2 fixation in chloroplasts. Both enzymes are trimethylated at a specific lysine residue by the chloroplastic protein methyltransferase LSMT. Genes coding LSMT are present in all plant genomes but the methylation status of the

Characterization of chloroplastic fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolases as lysine-methylated proteins in plants.

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In pea (Pisum sativum), the protein-lysine methyltransferase (PsLSMT) catalyzes the trimethylation of Lys-14 in the large subunit (LS) of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), the enzyme catalyzing the CO(2) fixation step during photosynthesis. Homologs of PsLSMT, herein

Herbicide-resistance conferred by expression of a catalytic antibody in Arabidopsis thaliana.

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Engineering herbicide resistance in crops facilitates control of weed species, particularly those that are closely related to the crop, and may be useful in selecting lines that have undergone multiple transformation events. Here we show that herbicide-resistant plants can be engineered by designing

Proteomic analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana leaves in response to acute boron deficiency and toxicity reveals effects on photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and protein synthesis.

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Boron (B) stress (deficiency and toxicity) is common in plants, but as the functions of this essential micronutrient are incompletely understood, so too are the effects of B stress. To investigate mechanisms underlying B stress, we examined protein profiles in leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana plants

Microcompartmentation of cytosolic aldolase by interaction with the actin cytoskeleton in Arabidopsis.

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Evidence is accumulating for molecular microcompartments formed when proteins interact in localized domains with the cytoskeleton, organelle surfaces, and intracellular membranes. To understand the potential functional significance of protein microcompartmentation in plants, we studied the

Target proteins of the cytosolic thioredoxins in Arabidopsis thaliana.

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Possible target proteins of cytosolic thioredoxin in higher plants have been investigated in the cell lysate of dark-grown Arabidopsis thaliana whole tissues. We immobilized a mutant of cytosolic thioredoxin, in which an internal cysteine at the active site was substituted with serine, on CNBr

The link between transcript regulation and de novo protein synthesis in the retrograde high light acclimation response of Arabidopsis thaliana.

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BACKGROUND Efficient light acclimation of photosynthetic cells is a basic and important property of plants. The process of acclimation depends on transformation of retrograde signals in gene expression, transcript accumulation and de novo protein synthesis. While signalling cues, transcriptomes and

Identification and characterization of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase genes in Arabidopsis reveal a gene family with diverse responses to abiotic stresses.

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Fructose 1,6-biphosphate aldolase (FBA) is a key enzyme in plants, which is involved not only in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis in the cytoplasm, but also in the Calvin cycle in plastids. Research on FBAs in various organisms has been reported, but there is none on FBAs in Arabidopsis at the

Regulation of plant cytosolic aldolase functions by redox-modifications.

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From the five genes which code for cytosolic fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolases in Arabidopsis thaliana L., the cDNA clone of cAld2 (At2g36460), was heterologously expressed in E. coli and incubated under various oxidizing and reducing conditions. Covalent binding of a GSH moiety to the enzyme was

Two Arabidopsis threonine aldolases are nonredundant and compete with threonine deaminase for a common substrate pool.

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Amino acids are not only fundamental protein constituents but also serve as precursors for many essential plant metabolites. Although amino acid biosynthetic pathways in plants have been identified, pathway regulation, catabolism, and downstream metabolite partitioning remain relatively

The role of inorganic phosphate in the development of freezing tolerance and the acclimatization of photosynthesis to low temperature is revealed by the pho mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana.

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Low temperature inhibits sucrose synthesis, leading to a phosphate-limitation of photosynthesis. We have used the Arabidopsis pho1-2 and pho2-1 mutants with decreased and increased shoot phosphate, respectively, to investigate whether low phosphate triggers cold acclimatization of photosynthetic

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