Tapetum-specific promoters, designated A3 and A9 and capable of driving expression of 12.9 kDa and 11.6 kDa proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana and related proteins within the family Brassicaceae, have been discovered, isolated and cloned. The promoters can be used to drive male sterility DNA such as that coding for a nuclease, protease or glucanase. Alternatively or in addition, male sterility can be achieved by disrupting the proper expression of the A3 and/or A9 genes, for example by transcribing RNA which is antisense to the RNA normally transcribed from the A3 and A9 genes, or by expressing DNA coding for a ribozyme specific for at least one of the A3 and A9 genes.

arabidopsis neglecta/protease

Tapetum-specific promoters from Brassicaceae spp

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