berberine/vairenis

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Detection of DNA in agarose gels using berberine and Mordant Yellow 3R.

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A nontoxic and simple staining method for the detection of DNA in agarose gels is described. After eletrophoretic separation, the gels were stained with 5 microg/ml of berberine (BB) prepared in distilled water and then the gels were soaked in 20 microg/ml of aqueous Mordant Yellow 3R (MY3R)

Oxidation of Monolignols by Members of the Berberine Bridge Enzyme Family Suggests a Role in Plant Cell Wall Metabolism.

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Plant genomes contain a large number of genes encoding for berberine bridge enzyme (BBE)-like enzymes. Despite the widespread occurrence and abundance of this protein family in the plant kingdom, the biochemical function remains largely unexplored. In this study, we have expressed two members of the

Berberine enhances defects in the establishment of leaf polarity in asymmetric leaves1 and asymmetric leaves2 of Arabidopsis thaliana.

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Leaves develop as flat lateral organs from the indeterminate shoot apical meristem. The establishment of polarity along three-dimensional axes, proximal-distal, medial-lateral, and adaxial-abaxial axes, is crucial for the growth of normal leaves. The mutations of ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1 (AS1) and AS2 of

Structure of a Berberine Bridge Enzyme-Like Enzyme with an Active Site Specific to the Plant Family Brassicaceae.

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Berberine bridge enzyme-like (BBE-like) proteins form a multigene family (pfam 08031), which is present in plants, fungi and bacteria. They adopt the vanillyl alcohol-oxidase fold and predominantly show bi-covalent tethering of the FAD cofactor to a cysteine and histidine residue, respectively. The

Four Arabidopsis berberine bridge enzyme-like proteins are specific oxidases that inactivate the elicitor-active oligogalacturonides.

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Recognition of endogenous molecules acting as 'damage-associated molecular patterns' (DAMPs) is a key feature of immunity in both animals and plants. Oligogalacturonides (OGs), i.e. fragments derived from the hydrolysis of homogalacturonan, a major component of pectin are a well known class of DAMPs

An Arabidopsis berberine bridge enzyme-like protein specifically oxidizes cellulose oligomers and plays a role in immunity.

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The plant cell wall is the barrier that pathogens must overcome to cause a disease, and to this end they secrete enzymes that degrade the various cell wall components. Due to the complexity of these components, several types of oligosaccharide fragments may be released during pathogenesis and some

Measurement of diffusion within the cell wall in living roots of Arabidopsis thaliana.

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To quantify the diffusion constant of small molecules in the plant cell wall, fluorescence from carboxyfluorescein (CF) in the intact roots of Arabidopsis thaliana was recorded. Roots were immersed in a solution of the fluorescent dye and viewed through a confocal fluorescence microscope. These

CjbHLH1 homologs regulate sanguinarine biosynthesis in Eschscholzia californica cells.

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Isoquinoline alkaloids (IQAs), terpenoid indole alkaloid and nicotine are some of the most studied alkaloids. Recently, several groups have reported that the biosynthesis of these alkaloids is regulated by basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors. Whereas the biosyntheses of nicotine and

Biocatalytic Enantioselective Oxidation of Sec-Allylic Alcohols with Flavin-Dependent Oxidases.

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The oxidation of allylic alcohols is challenging to perform in a chemo- as well as stereo-selective fashion at the expense of molecular oxygen using conventional chemical protocols. Here, we report the identification of a library of flavin-dependent oxidases including variants of the berberine

Molecular cloning and characterization of norcoclaurine synthase, an enzyme catalyzing the first committed step in benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis.

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(S)-Norcoclaurine synthase (NCS) (EC 4.2.1.78) catalyzes the condensation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine (dopamine) and 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (4-HPAA) as the first committed step in the biosynthesis of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids such as morphine, sanguinarine, and berberine, in plants. A

Control of auxin-induced callus formation by bZIP59-LBD complex in Arabidopsis regeneration.

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Induction of pluripotent cells termed callus by auxin represents a typical cell fate change required for plant in vitro regeneration; however, the molecular control of auxin-induced callus formation is largely elusive. We previously identified four Arabidopsis auxin-inducible Lateral Organ

The isoquinoline alkaloid sanguinarine which inhibits chaperone activity enhances the production of heat shock proteins in Arabidopsis.

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Sanguinarine is an isoquinoline alkaloid produced by Papaveraceae plants. Because sanguinarine has antimicrobial activity, it is believed to be related to the plants' chemical defense systems. However, its action against plants has not been well understood. A previous study reported that among 12

Characterization of high-molecular-mass allergens in oilseed rape pollen.

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BACKGROUND Oilseed rape pollen allergies have been previously described as the result of cross-sensitization with various pollens. Recently, several proteins have been identified as oilseed rape allergens. The aim of the present work was the characterization of oilseed rape pollen allergens by

An improved method for clearing and staining free-hand sections and whole-mount samples.

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OBJECTIVE Free-hand sectioning of living plant tissues allows fast microscopic observation of internal structures. The aim of this study was to improve the quality of preparations from roots with suberized cell walls. A whole-mount procedure that enables visualization of exo- and endodermal cells

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