beta amylase/baltažiedis vairenis

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Solution structure and assembly of β-amylase 2 from Arabidopsis thaliana.

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Starch is a key energy-storage molecule in plants that requires controlled synthesis and breakdown for effective plant growth. β-Amylases (BAMs) hydrolyze starch into maltose to help to meet the metabolic needs of the plant. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana there are nine BAMs, which have

Purification of a beta-Amylase that Accumulates in Arabidopsis thaliana Mutants Defective in Starch Metabolism.

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Amylase activity is elevated 5- to 10-fold in leaves of several different Arabidopsis thaliana mutants defective in starch metabolism when they are grown under a 12-hour photoperiod. Activity is also increased when plants are grown under higher light intensity. It was previously determined that the

Negative regulation in the expression of a sugar-inducible gene in Arabidopsis thaliana. A recessive mutation causing enhanced expression of a gene for beta-amylase.

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Expression of a beta-amylase gene of Arabidopsis thaliana (AT beta-Amy) is regulated by sugars. We identified a mutant, hba1, in which the level of expression of AT beta-Amy in leaves of plants that had been grown in a medium with 2% sucrose was significantly higher than that in wild-type plants.

Mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana with pleiotropic effects on the expression of the gene for beta-amylase and on the accumulation of anthocyanin that are inducible by sugars.

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We identified a mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana ectotype Col-O in which significantly reduced levels of expression of the gene for beta-amylase (AT beta-Amy) were detected in leaves in response to high concentrations of sucrose, glucose or fructose. Genetic studies, including a cross with transgenic

Sugar-inducible expression of a gene for beta-amylase in Arabidopsis thaliana.

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The levels of beta-amylase activity and of the mRNA for beta-amylase in rosette leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. increased significantly, with the concomitant accumulation of starch, when whole plants or excised mature leaves were supplied with sucrose. A supply of glucose or fructose, but

Nucleotide Sequence of a cDNA Clone Encoding a beta-Amylase from Arabidopsis thaliana.

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ACTIVATOR of Spomin::LUC1/WRINKLED1 of Arabidopsis thaliana transactivates sugar-inducible promoters.

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We isolated an enhancer activation-tagged mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana line sGsL carrying the luciferase (LUC) gene under control of a short sugar-inducible promoter derived from a sweet potato sporamin gene (Spomin) that showed high level expression of LUC under non-inducing conditions. The

The gene encoding the catalytically inactive beta-amylase BAM4 involved in starch breakdown in Arabidopsis leaves is expressed preferentially in vascular tissues in source and sink organs.

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Genetic studies in Arabidopsis thaliana have shown that two members of the beta-amylase (BAM) family BAM3 and BAM4 are required for leaf starch breakdown at night. Both are plastid proteins and while BAM3 encodes an active BAM, BAM4 is not an active alpha-1,4-glucan hydrolase. To gain further

The evolution of functional complexity within the β-amylase gene family in land plants.

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β-Amylases (BAMs) are a multigene family of glucan hydrolytic enzymes playing a key role not only for plant biology but also for many industrial applications, such as the malting process in the brewing and distilling industries. BAMs have been extensively studied in Arabidopsis

An Arabidopsis gene encoding a chloroplast-targeted beta-amylase.

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beta-Amylase is one of the most abundant starch degrading activities found in leaves and other plant organs. Despite its abundance, most if not all of this activity has been reported to be extrachloroplastic and for this reason, it has been assumed that beta-amylases are not involved in the

Identification and characterization of a phloem-specific beta-amylase.

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A monoclonal antibody, RS 5, was raised by injecting sieve elements isolated from tissue cultures of Streptanthus tortuosus (Brassicacae) into BALB/c mice and screening resultant hybridoma supernatants for the labeling of phloem using immunofluorescence microscopy. The RS 5 monoclonal antibody

LIKE SEX4 1 Acts as a β-Amylase-Binding Scaffold on Starch Granules during Starch Degradation.

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In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaves, starch is synthesized during the day and degraded at night to fuel growth and metabolism. Starch is degraded primarily by β-amylases, liberating maltose, but this activity is preceded by glucan phosphorylation and is accompanied by

Comprehensive survey of redox sensitive starch metabolising enzymes in Arabidopsis thaliana.

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In chloroplasts, the ferredoxin/thioredoxin pathway regulates enzyme activity in response to light by reduction of regulatory disulfides in target enzymes, ensuring coordination between photosynthesis and diurnal metabolism. Although earlier studies have suggested that many starch metabolic enzymes

Quaternary Structure, Salt Sensitivity, and Allosteric Regulation of β-AMYLASE2 From Arabidopsis thaliana.

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The β-amylase family in Arabidopsis thaliana has nine members, four of which are both plastid-localized and, based on active-site sequence conservation, potentially capable of hydrolyzing starch to maltose. We recently reported that one of these enzymes, BAM2, is catalytically active in the presence

Altered regulation of beta-amylase activity in mutants of Arabidopsis with lesions in starch metabolism.

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Three classes of mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynhold with alterations in starch metabolism were found to have higher levels of leaf amylase activity than the wild type when grown in a 12-hr photoperiod. This effect was dependent upon the developmental stage of the plants and was largely

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