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Properties and substrate specificity of RppA, a chalcone synthase-related polyketide synthase in Streptomyces griseus.

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RppA, a chalcone synthase-related polyketide synthase (type III polyketide synthase) in the bacterium Streptomyces griseus, catalyzes the formation of 1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxynaphthalene (THN) from five molecules of malonyl-CoA. The K(m) value for malonyl-CoA and the k(cat) value for THN synthesis were

Structure-guided programming of polyketide chain-length determination in chalcone synthase.

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Chalcone synthase (CHS) belongs to the family of type III polyketide synthases (PKS) that catalyze formation of structurally diverse polyketides. CHS synthesizes a tetraketide by sequential condensation of three acetyl anions derived from malonyl-CoA decarboxylation to a p-coumaroyl moiety attached

Engineered biosynthesis of plant polyketides: manipulation of chalcone synthase.

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[reaction: see text]. Chalcone synthase (CHS) is a plant-specific type III polyketide synthase catalyzing condensation of 4-coumaroyl-CoA with three molecules of malonyl-CoA. Surprisingly, it was demonstrated that S338V mutant of Scutellaria baicalensis CHS produced octaketides SEK4/SEK4b from eight

Enzymatic properties and mutational studies of chalcone synthase from Physcomitrella patens.

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PpCHS is a member of the type III polyketide synthase family and catalyses the synthesis of the flavonoid precursor naringenin chalcone from p-coumaroyl-CoA. Recent research reports the production of pyrone derivatives using either hexanoyl-CoA or butyryl-CoA as starter molecule. The Cys-His-Asn

Benzophenone synthase and chalcone synthase from Hypericum androsaemum cell cultures: cDNA cloning, functional expression, and site-directed mutagenesis of two polyketide synthases.

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Benzophenone derivatives, such as polyprenylated benzoylphloroglucinols and xanthones, are biologically active secondary metabolites. The formation of their C13 skeleton is catalyzed by benzophenone synthase (BPS; EC 2.3.1.151) that has been cloned from cell cultures of Hypericum androsaemum. BPS is

Transformation of acridone synthase to chalcone synthase.

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Acridone synthase (ACS) and chalcone synthase (CHS) catalyse the pivotal reactions in the formation of acridone alkaloids or flavonoids. While acridone alkaloids are confined almost exclusively to the Rutaceae, flavonoids occur abundantly in all seed-bearing plants. ACSs and CHSs had been cloned

Engineered biosynthesis of plant polyketides: structure-based and precursor-directed approach.

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Pentaketide chromone synthase (PCS) and octaketide synthase (OKS) are novel plant-specific type III polyketide synthases (PKSs) obtained from Aloe arborescens. Recombinant PCS expressed in Escherichia coli catalyzes iterative condensations of five molecules of malonyl-CoA to produce a pentaketide

Alteration of reaction and substrate specificity of a bacterial type III polyketide synthase by site-directed mutagenesis.

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RppA, which belongs to the type III polyketide synthase family, catalyses the synthesis of 1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxynaphthalene (THN), which is the key intermediate of melanin biosynthesis in the bacterium Streptomyces griseus. The reaction of THN synthesis catalysed by RppA is unique in the type III

Structure-based engineering of benzalacetone synthase.

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Benzalacetone synthase (BAS) and chalcone synthase (CHS) are plant-specific type III polyketide synthases (PKSs), sharing 70% amino acid sequence identity and highly homologous overall protein structures. BAS catalyzes the decarboxylative coupling of 4-coumaroyl-CoA with malonyl-CoA to produce the

Engineering of plant polyketide biosynthesis.

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A growing number of functionally divergent the chalcone synthase (CHS) superfamily type III polyketide synthases (PKSs) have been cloned and characterized, which include recently obtained pentaketide chromone synthase (PCS) and octaketide synthase (OKS) from aloe (Aloe arborescens). Recombinant PCS

Structural control of polyketide formation in plant-specific polyketide synthases.

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BACKGROUND Polyketide synthases (PKSs) generate molecular diversity by utilizing different starter molecules and by controlling the final length of the polyketide. Although exploitation of this mechanistic variability has produced novel polyketides, the structural foundation of this versatility is

Starter substrate specificities of wild-type and mutant polyketide synthases from Rutaceae.

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Chalcone synthases (CHSs) and acridone synthases (ACSs) belong to the superfamily of type III polyketide synthases (PKSs) and condense the starter substrate 4-coumaroyl-CoA or N-methylanthraniloyl-CoA with three malonyl-CoAs to produce flavonoids and acridone alkaloids, respectively. ACSs which have

Engineered biosynthesis of plant polyketides: chain length control in an octaketide-producing plant type III polyketide synthase.

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The chalcone synthase (CHS) superfamily of type III polyketide synthases (PKSs) produces a variety of plant secondary metabolites with remarkable structural diversity and biological activities (e.g., chalcones, stilbenes, benzophenones, acrydones, phloroglucinols, resorcinols, pyrones, and

Site-directed mutagenesis of benzalacetone synthase. The role of the Phe215 in plant type III polyketide synthases.

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Benzalacetone synthase (BAS) and chalcone synthase (CHS) are plant-specific type III polyketide synthases (PKSs) that share approximately 70% amino acid sequence identity. BAS catalyzes a one-step decarboxylative condensation of 4-coumaroyl-CoA with malonyl-CoA to produce a diketide benzalacetone,

Biosynthesis of biphenyls and benzophenones--evolution of benzoic acid-specific type III polyketide synthases in plants.

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Type III polyketide synthases (PKSs) generate a diverse array of secondary metabolites by varying the starter substrate, the number of condensation reactions, and the mechanism of ring closure. Among the starter substrates used, benzoyl-CoA is a rare starter molecule. Biphenyl synthase (BIS) and

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