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Aflatoxin and Fumonisin in Corn (Zea mays) Infected by Common Smut Ustilago maydis.

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Corn infected with Ustilago maydis (common smut) produces galls that are valued as a delicacy in some cultures. During a 4-year period, aflatoxin levels in asymptomatic kernels of smutted ears were, on average, 45-fold higher than in kernels harvested from smut-free control ears and 99-fold higher

Chromosome doubling of haploids of common wheat with caffeine.

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Treatment of dividing plant cells with caffeine inhibits their cytokinesis, thereby inducing the formation of binucleate cells that contain polyploid nuclei. This study was undertaken to determine whether caffeine treatments would induce chromosome doubling and seed set in haploids of common wheat

Corn plants treated with jasmonic acid attract more specialist parasitoids, thereby increasing parasitization of the common armyworm.

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We investigated whether corn plants treated with jasmonic acid (JA) increases the ability of the parasitic wasp, Cotesia kariyai, to find and control the common armyworm (Mythimna separata) under laboratory conditions. The rank order of attractiveness increased from intact plants treated with

Bioactivity of Common Pesticidal Plants on Fall Armyworm Larvae (Spodoptera frugiperda).

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The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a recent invasive pest species that has successfully established across sub-Saharan Africa where it continues to disrupt agriculture, particularly smallholder cereal production. Management of FAW in its native range in

Erythritol, at insecticidal doses, has harmful effects on two common agricultural crop plants.

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Erythritol, a non-nutritive polyol, is the main component of the artificial sweetener Truvia®. Recent research has indicated that erythritol may have potential as an organic insecticide, given its harmful effects on several insects but apparent safety for mammals. However, for erythritol to have

Blood Pressure Regulation: Reviewing Evidence for Interplay Between Common Dietary Sugars and Table Salt.

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A popular concept is that the significant global progression in prevalence and intensification of elevated blood pressure (BP) levels is due in part to dietary indiscretions. Excess intake of several food sources causing overweight/obesity plays an important role in BP perturbations. However,

Isolation, cloning, and characterization of a partial novel aro A gene in common reed (Phragmites australis).

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BACKGROUND Among the essential amino acids, phenylalanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine are aromatic amino acids which are synthesized by the shikimate pathway in plants and bacteria. Herbicide glyphosate can inhibit the biosynthesis of these amino acids. So, identification of the gene tolerant to

Common identity of substrate binding subunit of vacuolar h-translocating inorganic pyrophosphatase of higher plant cells.

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There have been conflicting reports in the literature concerning the polypeptide composition of the vacuolar H(+)-translocating inorganic pyrophosphatase (tonoplast H(+)-PPase) of plant cells. The major subunit(s) of the enzyme have been attributed to polypeptides of relative molecular weight (M(r))

Plasma lipid effects of three common vegetable oils in reduced-fat diets of free-living adults.

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We compared plasma lipid changes due to the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in partially hydrogenated soybean oil, corn oil, and sunflower oil fed in reduced-fat diets (22-26% of total energy). Each oil was the dominant fat in isoenergetic diets of centrally prepared foods consumed by 26 male

Fermented non-digestible fraction from combined nixtamalized corn (Zea mays L.)/cooked common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) chips modulate anti-inflammatory markers on RAW 264.7 macrophages.

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Chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are low-level inflammation processes affected by several factors including diet. It has been reported that mixed whole grain and legume consumption, e.g. corn and common bean, might be a beneficial combination due to its content of bioactive compounds. A

Clastogenic effects of five carcinogenic-mutagenic chemicals on the cells of the common carp, Cyprinus carpio L.

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The cytogenetic effects of various i.p. treatments with five carcinogenic-mutagenic chemicals and three doses for each (aflatoxin B1, Aroclor 1254, benzidine, benzo[a]pyrene and 20-methylcholanthrene), were investigated in the cells of the common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Injection with distilled water

Transcriptomic Analysis Revealed the Common and Divergent Responses of Maize Seedling Leaves to Cold and Heat Stresses

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Temperature stresses (TS), including cold and heat stress, adversely affect the growth, development, and yield of maize (Zea mays L.). To clarify the molecular mechanisms of the tolerance of maize seedling leaves to TS, we applied transcriptomic sequencing of an inbred maize line, B73, with

[Fast analysis of common fatty acids in edible vegetable oils by ultra-performance convergence chromatography-mass spectrometry].

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A fast analytical method for five common fatty acids in six edible vegetable oils was developed by ultra-performance convergence chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPC2-MS). The five fatty acids are palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid. Their contents in the corn

Glycome and Proteome Components of Golgi Membranes Are Common between Two Angiosperms with Distinct Cell-Wall Structures.

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The plant endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi apparatus is the site of synthesis, assembly, and trafficking of all noncellulosic polysaccharides, proteoglycans, and proteins destined for the cell wall. As grass species make cell walls distinct from those of dicots and noncommelinid monocots, it has been

Influence of brown stink bug feeding, planting date and sampling time on common smut infection of maize.

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Phytopathogen infections are frequently influenced by both biotic and abiotic factors in a crop field. The effect of brown stink bug, Euschistus servus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), feeding and planting date and sampling time on common smut (Ustilago maydis) infection percentage of maize plants was

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