All patients in the control group will receive routine diabetes management, including lifestyle education, health guidance, blood glucose monitoring and medicine adjustment and other treatments which conducted by the endocrinology medical team. After the inclusion visit, the patients will be randomized to Shared Care group or traditional therapy group. Compared to conventional diabetes education in the traditional therapy group, the Shared Care group provides patients with online services and continuous diabetes management and education through a mobile application. It also addresses that it is important for patients to meet regularly with diabetes multidisciplinary team for better results. The total observation period is 3 years for each patient. The visits will be done every 3 months.

The Patients download the Shared Care mobile application and connect with the smart-glucometer BG1 to upload blood glucose dairy in real time. With patient's informed consent, his or her data from each visit will be collected and recorded for analysis. After the patient returns home from the clinic, they can communicate through the APP with online diabetes educators. According to protocol, online diabetes educators answer patients' questions, give suggestions on patients' diet and summarize patients' issues to physicians, who provide high level supervision.

Type 2 Diabetes

After the inclusion visit, the patients will be randomized to Shared Care group or traditional therapy group. Compared to conventional diabetes education in the traditional therapy group, the Shared Care group provides patients with online services and continuous diabetes management and education through a mobile application. It also addresses that it is important for patients to meet regularly with diabetes multidisciplinary team for better results. The total observation period is 3 years for each patient. The visits will be done every 3 months.

Shared Care diabetes management

Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University

Effectiveness of SCDM in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Effectiveness of Share Care Diabetes Management in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Glycemic achieving rate with HbA1c<7% at 1-year follow-up

Changes in HbA1c from baseline at 3, 6, and 12 months during follow-up

Changes in blood pressure and the rate of reaching the standard (< 130/80) , including systolic blood pressure less than 130mmHg and diastolic blood pressure less than 80mmHg compared with the baseline at 3, 6, and 12 months respectively during follow-up.

The changes of low density lipoprotein (LDL-c) compared with the baseline and the rate of reaching the standard (less than 2.6 mmol/L) at 3, 6, and 12 months during follow-up.

The changes of BMI from baseline and the rate of reaching the standard at 3, 6, and 12 months during follow-up. BMI is body mass index, weight and height will be combined to report BMI in kg/m^2

Patients' daily medicine expenditure (rmb / day) changed from baseline at 3, 6, and 12 months during follow-up

The change between baseline SDSCA score and SDSCA score 1 years after admission, SDSCA is scale Summary of Diabetes Self Care Activities (SDSCA), with 12 questions, each provide a minimum of 0 and maximum of 7 scores (7 indicates better self care action), total score 84.

The change between baseline C-DMSES and C-DMSES 1 years after admission. C-DMSES is Chinese Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale. The scale measures the self-efficacy level of diabetes management. The C-DMSES has 20 questions, each question has a minimum score of 0 (indicates lowest self-efficacy), maximum score of 10(indicates highest self-efficacy). the scale has totally 200 scores.

The change between baseline A-DQOL score and A-DQOL score 1 years after admission. CA-DQOL has maximum score of 230. Subscale 1 measures life satisfaction and has 15 questions, each question has a minimum score of 1 (indicates very unsatisfied), maximum score of 5(indicates very satisfied). Subscale 2 measures frequency of diabetes affects life quality, has 20 questions, each question has a minimum score of 1 (indicates never affect life quality), maximum score of 5(indicates always affect life quality). Subscale 3 measures how much the patient worries about how diabetes affects daily life and has 7 questions, each question has a minimum score of 1 (indicates never worries), maximum score of 5(indicates very worries). Subscale 4 measures how much the patient worries about the diabetes-related conditions and has 4 questions, each question has a minimum score of 1 (indicates never worries), maximum score of 5(indicates very worries).

The change between baseline Morisky score and Morisky score 1 years after admission. Morisky scale measures patients' compliance of medication usage. The Morisky scale has 4 questions, each question has a minimum score of 0 (did not comply the medical instruction), maximum score of 1(comply medical instruction). the scale has totally 4 scores.

The change between baseline DASS-C21 scale score and DASS-C21 scale score 1 years after admission. DASS-C21 scale is Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21 scale in Chinese. The scale measures patients' level of depression, anxiety and stress. The scale has 21 questions, each question has a minimum score of 0 (did not meet the description), maximum score of 3(completely meet the description). the scale has totally 63 scores.

During the follow-up period, number of newly diagnosed diabetic complications, including diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy and diabetic podiatry, etc.

During the follow-up period, the progress of diabetic complications such as diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy and diabetic foot disease

During the follow-up period, the times of Emergency visits due to hyperglycemia were collected during each follow-up.

During the follow-up period, the times of Emergency visits due to hypoglycemia were collected during each follow-up.

During the follow-up period, the times of hospitalization due to hyperglycemia were collected during each follow-up.

During the follow-up period, the times of hospitalization due to hypoglycemia were collected during each follow-up.

During the follow-up period, the days of hospitalization due to hyperglycemia were collected during each follow-up.

During the follow-up period, the days of hospitalization due to hypoglycemia were collected during each follow-up.

Guang Wang

Professor and Director, Department of Endocrinology

Beijing Chao Yang Hospital

This is a prospective, randomization, parallel, controlled study.

receive dulaglutide 0.75 mg weekly for 4 weeks followed by 1.5 mg weekly for 20 weeks plus standard treatment for type 2 diabetes

receive standard treatment for type 2 diabetes and up titration of treatment will be done by anti-diabetic medicines other than the GLP-1 receptor agonist

Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Type2 Diabetes Mellitus

0.75 mg weekly for 4 weeks followed by 1.5 mg weekly for 20 weeks

Dulaglutide

Division Of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Medanta The Medicity

Effect of Dulaglutide on Liver Fat in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Effect of Dulaglutide on Liver Fat in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial

change in liver fat quantified by MRI-PDFF in colocalized regions of interest (ROI) within each of the nine liver segments

Change in liver stiffness measurement (LSM) in kPa

Change in Controlled Attenuation Parameter (CAP) in dB/m

change in cardiometabolic markers namely IL-1, TNF-alpha, hs-CRP, leptin, adiponectin and homocysteine and fibrosis markers

Dr Mohammad Shafi Kuchay

Consultant

Medanta, The Medicity, India

will randomize the patients into either dulaglutide group or control group in a 1:1 ratio using computer-generated numbers

Medtronic Minimed Paradigm Veo Insulin Pump utilising rapid acting insulin Glulisine or Aspart

Multiple daily injections consisting of a single basal insulin injection(Glargine) and 3 bolus insulin injections (rapid acting insulin Glulisine or Aspart) before each meal

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Medtronic Minimed Paradigm Veo Insulin Pump

Insulin Pump

Multiple daily injections which consist of a single injection of basal insulin(insulin Glargine) and 3 injections of bolus insulin(rapid acting insulin Glulisine or Aspart) before each meal

Multiple daily injections of insulin

Hospital Putrajaya

Improving Glycaemic Control in Malaysian Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With Insulin Pump Therapy

Between group difference in HbA1c changes from baseline to 6 months, when comparing CSII to MDI

Within group difference in HbA1c changes from 6 months to 12 months after cross-over from MDI to CSII

Number of events of severe hypoglycemia : defined as an episode absolutely requiring assistance from another person and preferably accompanied by a confirmatory blood glucose by finger stick of less than 50mg/dL (2.8 mmol/L), (i.e., subject is unable to treat self and requires carbohydrate, glucagon or other resuscitative actions to prevent further clinical deterioration)
Any hospitalizations for hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemic emergencies
Number of events of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA), an acute metabolic complication of diabetes, characterized by hyperglycemia, hyperketonemia, and metabolic acidosis

Between and within group difference in average weight changes when comparing CSII to MDI

Between and within group difference in the number of SMBG per day between CSII and MDI. The data is downloaded using Bayer Glucofacts Deluxe Software from the glucometer during each visit.

Between and within group total daily insulin dosage per day in Unit/day between CSII and MDI. The total daily insulin dose per day in the CSII group is downloaded from Medtronic CareLink Therapy Management Software whereas for the MDI group, it is the cumulative dosage of total insulin per day.

Between and within group total daily insulin dosage per day (Outcome 6) divide by body weight in kilograms (Outcome 8) measured as (Unit/kg/day) for each patient,comparing between CSII and MDI

Between and within group body weight in kilograms, comparing between CSII and MDI

Treatment satisfaction: Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire using DTSQs comparing between CSII and MDI

Nurain Mohd Noor

Consultant Endocrinologist

Clinical Research Centre, Malaysia

Medtronic

Subjects are randomized to stay on their current antipsychotic.

Subjects are randomized to switch to aripiprazole from their current antipsychotic.

Subjects in this group stayed on their current antipsychotic.

Stay

Subjects in this group switched to aripiprazole from their current antipsychotic.

Switch

Total

Sex: Female, Male

Race/Ethnicity, Customized

Weight

Waist Circumference

DEXA Total Fat

Whole Body Sensitivity

This study hypothesizes that switching to aripiprazole treatment will be associated with reductions in adipose tissue mass in comparison to olanzapine.

The subjects in this arm stayed on their current antipsychotic following entry into the study.

Stayers

The subjects in this arm switched to aripiprazole from their current antipsychotic following entry into the study.

Switchers

This arm consists of pooled treatment groups (i.e., those who stayed on their current antipsychotic and those who switched to aripiprazole).

Change in Total Body Fat (kg).

This study hypothesized that switching to aripiprazole treatment will be associated with statistically significant improvements in whole body sensitivity (mg/kg/min) in comparison to chronic pretreatment with olanzapine.

Change in Whole Body Sensitivity (mg/kg/Min)

Participants in this arm were randomized to stay on their current antipsychotic.

Participants in this arm were randomized to switch to aripiprazole from their current antipsychotic.

Overall Study

Michael Yingling

Includes subjects who stayed on their current antipsychotic throughout the study

Includes subjects who switched to aripiprazole

Schizophrenia

Participants remain on their current antipsychotic.

diabetic ketoacidosis/triglyceride

Effectiveness of SCDM in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Effect of Dulaglutide on Liver Fat in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Improving Glycaemic Control in Malaysian Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With Insulin Pump Therapy

Changes in Adiposity, Metabolic Measures From Atypicals to Aripiprazole

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