A single meal containing 400 gm of garified non-biofortified (white) cassava with retinyl palmitate reference dose.

A single meal containing 400 gm of garified non-biofortified (white) cassava with red palm oil.

A single meal containing 400 gm of garified biofortified cassava.

Vitamin A Deficiency

Cassava, bred to contain high amounts of vitamin A-forming carotenoids (primarily beta-carotene and its cis-derivatives).

Biofortified cassava gari

Non-biofortified (white) cassava and a retinyl palmitate reference dose.

White cassava gari

Non-biofortified (white) cassava gari containing red palm oil.

White cassava gari + red palm oil

USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutrition Research Center

Beta-carotene Absorption and Bioconversion to Vitamin A From Biofortified Cassava Gari

Beta-carotene Absorption and Bioconversion to Vitamin A in a Biofortified Cassava Gari Meal and a White Cassava Gari Meal With Added Red Palm Oil

Vitamin A is measured by standard methods involving ultracentrifugation (to concentrate the TRL fraction) followed by reversed-phase high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) using electrochemical detection.

Carotenoids will be measured by standard methods involving ultracentrifugation (to concentrate the TRL fraction) followed by reversed-phase HPLC using electrochemical detection.

USDA, Western Human Nutrition Research Center

HarvestPlus

Single meal containing bio-fortified, high carotenoid cassava without oil.

Single meal containing bio-fortified, high carotenoid cassava with oil.

Single meal containing low carotenoid cassava with oil and retinyl palmitate.

300 g of porridge (11 ounces) containing 100 g drained mashed cassava and approximately 1 mg beta-carotene.

Beta-Carotene bio-fortified cassava porridge without oil

300g porridge (11 ounces) containing 100 g drained mashed cassava, 15 g peanut oil, and approximately 1 mg beta-carotene.

Beta-Carotene bio-fortified cassava porridge with oil

300 g porridge containing 15 mL peanut oil, 100 g drained mashed cassava, and a tracer of approximately .3 mg pure food-grade retinyl palmitate.

White cassava porridge with retinyl palmitate reference dose

Western Human Nutrition Center, University of California Davis

Vitamin A Absorption From Cassava in Women

Vitamin A Equivalence of Carotenoids From Cassava in Women

Vitamin A and other carotenoids will be measured in triacylglycerol rich lipoprotein fractions at 0, 60, 150, 240, 330, 420, 510, 600, and 1440 minutes after consumption of cassava containing meal.

manihot/triacylglycerol

Beta-carotene Absorption and Bioconversion to Vitamin A From Biofortified Cassava Gari

Vitamin A Absorption From Cassava in Women

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