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N-Acetyl-l-Cysteine treatment efficiently prevented pre-diabetes and inflamed-dysmetabolic liver development in hypothalamic obese rats.

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OBJECTIVE Hypothalamic obese rats are characterized by pre-diabetes, dyslipidemia, hyperadiposity, inflammation and, liver dysmetabolism with oxidative stress (OS), among others. We studied endocrine-metabolic dysfunctions and, liver OS and inflammation in both monosodium l-glutamate

Platelet resistance to the antiaggregating effect of N-acetyl-L-cysteine in obese, insulin-resistant subjects.

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BACKGROUND We investigated whether the platelets from obese subjects are sensitive as those from controls to the antiaggregating effects of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC)-an antioxidant thiol that increases availability of endogenous nitric oxide (NO)-and of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and amifostine

Reduction of oxidative stress by oral N-acetyl-L-cysteine treatment decreases plasma soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 concentrations in non-obese, non-dyslipidaemic, normotensive, patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes.

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To assess in vivo effects of antioxidants on vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 expression, circulating soluble VCAM-1 and intraerythrocytic reduced glutathione (GSH) and GSH disulphide (GSSG) concentrations were evaluated in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients without complications (9

Advanced glycation end products present in the obese uterine environment compromise preimplantation embryo development

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Research question: Proinflammatory advanced glycation end products (AGE), highly elevated within the uterine cavity of obese women, compromise endometrial function. Do AGE also impact preimplantation embryo development and

Effect of N-acetyl-l-cysteine on insulin resistance caused by prolonged free fatty acid elevation.

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Circulating free fatty acids (FFAs) are elevated in obesity and cause insulin resistance. The objective of the current study was to determine whether the antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) prevented hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance caused by prolonged elevation of plasma FFAs.

Increased glucose uptake promotes oxidative stress and PKC-delta activation in adipocytes of obese, insulin-resistant mice.

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Increased oxidative stress is believed to be one of the mechanisms responsible for hyperglycemia-induced tissue damage and diabetic complications. In these studies, we undertook to characterize glucose uptake and oxidative stress in adipocytes of type 2 diabetic animals and to determine whether

FFA-induced hepatic insulin resistance in vivo is mediated by PKCδ, NADPH oxidase, and oxidative stress.

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Fat-induced hepatic insulin resistance plays a key role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes in obese individuals. Although PKC and inflammatory pathways have been implicated in fat-induced hepatic insulin resistance, the sequence of events leading to impaired insulin signaling is unknown. We used

FTO Inhibits Insulin Secretion and Promotes NF-κB Activation through Positively Regulating ROS Production in Pancreatic β cells.

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FTO (Fat mass and obesity-associated) is associated with increased risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes incurrence. Pancreas islet β cells dysfunction and insulin resistance are major causes of type 2 diabetes. However, whether FTO plays an important functional role in pancreatic β cells as well as

CYP2E1 impairs GLUT4 gene expression and function: NRF2 as a possible mediator.

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Impaired GLUT4 function/expression in insulin target tissues is well-documented in diabetes and obesity. Cytochrome P450 isoform 2E1 (CYP2E1) induces oxidative stress, leading to impaired insulin action. CYP2E1 knockout mice are protected against high fat diet-induced insulin resistance and obesity;

β -Cypermethrin promotes the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells via inducing autophagy and shaping an adipogenesis-friendly microenvironment

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The toxicity of synthetic pyrethroids has garnered attention, and studies have revealed that pyrethroids promote fat accumulation and lead to obesity in mice. Nevertheless, the effect of β-cypermethrin (β-CYP) on adipogenesis and its underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. In this study, mouse

Ameliorative effects of α-lipoic acid on high-fat diet-induced oxidative stress and glucose uptake impairment of T cells.

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The incidence of obesity and metabolic disease continues to rise, mainly associated with consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD). Previous studies have indicated that HFD could disturb the immune system, leading to immunodeficiency and inflammation. Several mechanisms have been postulated to account

Molecular mechanisms of apoptosis induced by ajoene in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

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OBJECTIVE Determine the biochemical pathways involved in induction of apoptosis by ajoene, an organosulfur compound from garlic. METHODS Mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes were incubated with ajoene at concentrations up to 200 microM. Viability and apoptosis were quantified using an MTS-based cell viability

αMSH prevents ROS-induced apoptosis by inhibiting Foxo1/mTORC2 in mice adipose tissue.

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Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (αMSH) is an important adenohypophysis polypeptide hormone that regulates body metabolic status. To date, it is well known that the disorder of hypothalamic αMSH secretion is related to many metabolic diseases, such as obesity and type II diabetes. However, the

Induction of ER Stress-Mediated Apoptosis by α-Lipoic Acid in A549 Cell Lines.

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BACKGROUND α-Lipoic acid (α-LA) has been studied as an anticancer agent as well as a therapeutic agent for diabetes and obesity. We performed this study to evaluate the anticancer effects and mechanisms of α-LA in a lung cancer cell line, A549. METHODS α-LA-induced apoptosis of A549 cells was

High Uric Acid Activates the ROS-AMPK Pathway, Impairs CD68 Expression and Inhibits OxLDL-Induced Foam-Cell Formation in a Human Monocytic Cell Line, THP-1.

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OBJECTIVE Hyperuricemia is part of the metabolic-syndrome cluster of abdominal obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Monocytes/macrophages are critical in the development of metabolic syndrome, including gout, obesity and atherosclerosis. However,

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