Healthy Subjects

Watermelon Rind

Watermelon Flesh

Watermelon Seeds

Placebo

Clinical Nutrition Research Center

Bioavailability and Pharmacokinetic Parameters of Watermelon (Rind, Flesh and Seeds) Polyphenols

Bioavailability and Pharmacokinetic Parameters of Watermelon (Rind, Flesh and Seeds) Polyphenols in Human Plasma: A Pilot Study to Investigate Relationship to Endothelial Function.

This will be conducted by using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography iFunnel quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometer (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) and triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (UHPLC-QQQ-MS).

Flow Mediated Vasodilation imaging of the brachial artery to assess endothelial-dependent relaxation

Correlation between plasma metabolites and FMD Change

Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Illinois Institute of Technology

Participants receive Appethyl™ liquid once four hours after breakfast. After a washout period of at least one week, they received the placebo drink once four hours after breakfast.

Participants receive the placebo drink once four hours after breakfast. After a washout period of at least one week, they received Appethyl™ liquid once four hours after breakfast.

Appethyl™ liquid or Placebo once four hours after breakfast.
Appethyl™: Four hours after breakfast participants will be given a small amount of liquid to drink that will contain Appethyl™ pr Placebo.
Participants will not know which they are getting and it will be decided randomly, like flipping a coin. Participants will be presented with a pizza in a quantity more than they could reasonably be expected to eat 5 hours after the start of their lunch meal and be asked to eat to their satisfaction over 30 minutes. Participants are not expected to eat all of the pizza.

All Participants

Sex: Female, Male

Region of Enrollment

Four hours after breakfast administration of Appethyl™ or placebo(inactive liquid) is given. You will be presented with a standard lunch and then (5 hours after lunch) pizza in a quantity of more than you could reasonably be expected to eat 5 hours after the start of your lunch meal and be asked to eat to your satisfaction over 30 minutes. You are not expected to eat all of the pizza.

Appethyl™ liquid once four hours after breakfast.
Appethyl™: Four hours after breakfast participants will be given a small amount of liquid to drink that will contain Appethyl™. Participants will not know which they are getting and it will be decided randomly, like flipping a coin. Participants will be presented with a pizza in a quantity more than they could reasonably be expected to eat 5 hours after the start of their lunch meal and be asked to eat to their satisfaction over 30 minutes. Participants are not expected to eat all of the pizza.

Appethyl™

Four hours after breakfast participants will be given a small amount of liquid to drink that will contain a placebo (inactive liquid). Participants will not know which they are getting and it will be decided randomly, like flipping a coin. Participants will be presented with a pizza in a quantity more than they could reasonably be expected to eat 5 hours after the start of their lunch meal and be asked to eat to their satisfaction over 30 minutes. Participants are not expected to eat all of the pizza.

Difference in Pizza Consumed During Two Meals

The Visual Analogue scale allows you to mark a vertical line across the horizontal scale on how hungry you are or not. The Visual Analogue scale was used to evaluate hunger, fullness, longing for food, prospective intake, satisfaction, desire for salty food, desire for savory food, thirst, and desire for sweet food. The scale ranged from 0 to 100mm; the higher values indicated greater outcomes.

Evaluation of Appetite

Evaluation of Satiety by Means of Visual Analogue Scale

Appethyl™ liquid once four hours after breakfast.
Appethyl™: • Four hours after breakfast participants will be given a small amount of liquid to drink that will contain Appethyl™. After one week washout period, participants were given placebo drink.
Participants will not know which they are getting and it will be decided randomly, like flipping a coin. Participants will be presented with a pizza in a quantity more than they could reasonably be expected to eat 5 hours after the start of their lunch meal and be asked to eat to their satisfaction over 30 minutes. Participants are not expected to eat all of the pizza.

Appethyl™ First, Then Placebo

Four hours after breakfast participants will be given a small amount of liquid to drink that will contain a placebo (inactive liquid). After a one week washout period, they were given Appethyl™.
Participants will not know which they are getting and it will be decided randomly, like flipping a coin. Participants will be presented with a pizza in a quantity more than they could reasonably be expected to eat 5 hours after the start of their lunch meal and be asked to eat to their satisfaction over 30 minutes. Participants are not expected to eat all of the pizza.

Placebo First, Then Appethyl™

Overall Study

Frank Greenway, MD

Overweight

Obesity

Four hours after breakfast participants will be given a small amount of liquid to drink that will contain Appethyl™. They will not know which they are getting and it will be decided randomly, like flipping a coin. Participants will be presented with a pizza in a quantity more than they could reasonably be expected to eat 5 hours after the start of their lunch meal and be asked to eat to their satisfaction over 30 minutes. Participants are not expected to eat all of the pizza.

Four hours after breakfast, participants will be given a small amount of liquid to drink that will contain a placebo (inactive liquid). Participants will not know which they are getting and it will be decided randomly, like flipping a coin. Participants will be presented with a pizza in a quantity more than they could reasonably be expected to eat 5 hours after the start of their lunch meal and be asked to eat to their satisfaction over 30 minutes. They are not expected to eat all of the pizza.

spinacia oleracea/carbohydrate

Bioavailability and Pharmacokinetic Parameters of Watermelon (Rind, Flesh and Seeds) Polyphenols

A Short-Term Appetite Suppression Trial Using Appethyl™: The Pizza

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