tree/skopolaminas

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Winter cherry bugs feed on plant tropane alkaloids and de-epoxidize scopolamine to atropine.

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The winter cherry bug colonizes the Duboisia leichhardtii tree, which is a rich source of scopolamine. It consumes the tropane alkaloids atropine and scopolamine. Quantitative analysis revealed that the ratio of scopolamine to atropine in the winter cherry bug (0.46) was far from that found in the

Memory-enhancing effect of a supercritical carbon dioxide fluid extract of the needles of Abies koreana on scopolamine-induced amnesia in mice.

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Abies koreana Wilson (A. koreana) is a shrub or broadly pyramidal evergreen tree endemic in the mountainous regions of South Korea. We obtained the essential oil (EO) from alpine needle leaves of A. koreana by the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) method. EO was analyzed by gas

Neuroprotective Effects of Euonymus alatus Extract on Scopolamine-Induced Memory Deficits in Mice

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Euonymus alatus is considered to elicit various beneficial effects against cancer, hyperglycemia, menstrual discomfort, diabetic complications, and detoxification. The young leaves of this plant are exploited as food and also utilized for traditional medicine in East Asian countries,

Anti-amnesic effect of Ficus religiosa in scopolamine-induced anterograde and retrograde amnesia.

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BACKGROUND Ficus religiosa Linn (Moraceae) is a variety of fig tree. Its figs are known to contain a high serotonergic content, and modulation of serotonergic neurotransmission plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of amnesia. Thus, the present study was envisaged. OBJECTIVE To investigate the

Nootropic, neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects of phloretin in scopolamine induced amnesia in mice.

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Phloretin (PHL), a dihydrochalcone flavonoid usually present in the roots and leaves of apple tree. In vitro study on GT1-7 immortalized hypothalamic neurons exposed to amyloid beta (25-35), demonstrated that PHL significantly influenced membrane fluidity and potential. PHL also significantly

Amelioration of Scopolamine-Induced Amnesic, Anxiolytic and Antidepressant Effects of Ficus Benghalensis in Behavioral Experimental Models.

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Background and Objectives:Ficus benghalensis (FB) is a commonly found tree in Pakistan and its various parts have folkloric importance in managing neurological ailments. In the present study, methanolic extract of its bark has been tested on an experimental animal model to evaluate

Muscarinic receptors in equine airways.

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The distribution of muscarinic receptors in equine airways was investigated using autoradiography. Frozen sections of tissue from six different levels in the bronchial tree, from the trachea to the distal bronchioles, were incubated in vitro with 1.5 nmol/L of the muscarinic receptor antagonist

Cloning, characterization and analysis of expression profiles of a cDNA encoding a hyoscyamine 6beta-hydroxylase (H6H) from Atropa baetica Willk.

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A new cDNA encoding hyoscyamine 6beta-hydroxylase (H6H, EC 1.14.11.11), a bifunctional enzyme catalyzing the last two steps in the biosynthesis of scopolamine, was isolated from Atropa baetica roots (GenBank accession no. EF442802). The full cDNA sequence showed an ORF of 1035bp, coding for a

Inhibitory modulation of the cough reflex by acetylcholine in the caudal nucleus tractus solitarii of the rabbit.

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A cholinergic system has been described in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS). However, no information is available on the role played by acetylcholine (ACh) in the modulation of the cough reflex within the caudal NTS that has an important function in cough regulation. We addressed this issue

Molecular cloning and characterization of a new cDNA encoding hyoscyamine 6beta-hydroxylase from roots of Anisodus acutangulus.

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A new full-length cDNA encoding hyoscyamine 6beta-hydroxylase (designated as aah6h, GenBank Accession No. EF187826), which catalyzes the last committed step in the scopolamine biosynthetic pathway, was isolated from young roots of Anisodus acutangulus by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) for

Muscarinic receptor subtypes in guinea pig airways.

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The muscarinic receptors present in the guinea pig tracheobronchial tree were characterized using ligand-binding studies and functional approaches. The binding constants of four selective antagonists, pirenzepine,[11-([2-[(diethylamino) methyl]-1-piperidinyl]acetyl)-5,11-dihydro-6H-pyrido(2,3) (1,4)

Repeated administration of almonds increases brain acetylcholine levels and enhances memory function in healthy rats while attenuates memory deficits in animal model of amnesia.

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Dietary nutrients may play a vital role in protecting the brain from age-related memory dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases. Tree nuts including almonds have shown potential to combat age-associated brain dysfunction. These nuts are an important source of essential nutrients, such as

Molecular cloning and characterization of two tropinone reductases in Anisodus acutangulus and enhancement of tropane alkaloid production in AaTRI-transformed hairy roots.

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Tropane alkaloids are used medicinally as anticholinergic agents with increasing market demand, so the improvement and production of active components from medicinal plants using molecular biotechnology show great potential for applications that should benefit human healthcare. Two tropinone

Pharmacological actions of Thespesia populnea relevant to Alzheimer's disease.

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Thespesia populnea (Malvaceae) is a large tree found in the tropical regions and coastal forests of India. Various parts of T. populnea are found to possess useful medicinal properties, such as antifertility, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, purgative and hepatoprotective activity. The

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