hexokinase/insults

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Succinate-induced neuronal mitochondrial fission and hexokinase II malfunction in ischemic stroke: Therapeutical effects of kaempferol.

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Mitochondrial dysfunction is known as one of causative factors in ischemic stroke, leading to neuronal cell death. The present work was undertaken to investigate whether succinate induces neuron apoptosis by regulating mitochondrial morphology and function. In neurons, oxygen-glucose deprivation

Inhibition of miR-143 during ischemia cerebral injury protects neurones through recovery of the hexokinase 2-mediated glucose uptake.

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Ischemic stroke, a major cause of death, is caused by occlusion of a blood vessel, resulting in significant reduction in regional cerebral blood flow. MiRNAs are a family of short noncoding RNAs (18-22 nts) and bind the 3'-UTR of their target genes to suppress the gene expression

Targeting hexokinase II to mitochondria to modulate energy metabolism and reduce ischaemia-reperfusion injury in heart.

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Mitochondrially bound hexokinase II (mtHKII) has long been known to confer cancer cells with their resilience against cell death. More recently, mtHKII has emerged as a powerful protector against cardiac cell death. mtHKII protects against ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in skeletal muscle and

Hexokinase 2-dependent hyperglycolysis driving microglial activation contributes to ischemic brain injury.

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Hyperglycolysis, observed within the penumbra zone during brain ischemia, was shown to be detrimental for tissue survival because of lactate accumulation and reactive oxygen species overproduction in clinical and experimental settings. Recently, mounting evidence suggests that glycolytic

Long noncoding RNA HOTTIP alleviates oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced neuronal injury via modulating miR-143/hexokinase 2 pathway.

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HOXA transcript at the distal tip (HOTTIP), which is a long noncoding RNA, plays an important role in multiple cancers and in coronary artery disease. Elevated microRNA-143 (miR-143) expression causes impaired glucose uptake that is responsible for the ischemic cerebral injury. However, the role and

Simultaneous nicotine and oral contraceptive exposure alters brain energy metabolism and exacerbates ischemic stroke injury in female rats

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Smoking-derived nicotine (N) and oral contraceptives (OC) synergistically exacerbate ischemic brain damage in the females and underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Our published study showed that N toxicity is exacerbated by OC via altered mitochondrial function owing to a defect in the activity of

Glucagon-like peptide-1 decreases intracerebral glucose content by activating hexokinase and changing glucose clearance during hyperglycemia.

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Type 2 diabetes and hyperglycemia with the resulting increase of glucose concentrations in the brain impair the outcome of ischemic stroke, and may increase the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). Reports indicate that glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) may be neuroprotective in models of AD

Methylene blue-induced neuronal protective mechanism against hypoxia-reoxygenation stress.

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Brain ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury occurs in various pathological conditions, but there is no effective treatment currently available in clinical practice. Methylene blue (MB) is a century-old drug with a newly discovered protective function in the ischemic stroke model. In the current

Cyclosporine A Treatment Abrogates Ischemia-Induced Neuronal Cell Death by Preserving Mitochondrial Integrity through Upregulation of the Parkinson's Disease-Associated Protein DJ-1.

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Hypoxic-ischemia alters mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), respiratory-related enzymes, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Drugs acting on mitochondria, such as cyclosporine A (CsA), may reveal novel mitochondria-based cell death signaling targets for stroke. Our previous studies showed that

Naftidrofuryl oxalate improves impaired brain glucose metabolism after microsphere-induced cerebral embolism in rats.

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The present study was designed to elucidate possible therapeutic effects of naftidrofuryl on the brain glucose metabolism after cerebral ischemia. Cerebral ischemia was induced by injecting 680 microspheres with a diameter of 48 microns into the right internal carotid artery of the rat. After

Asymmetry, commitment and inhibition in the GroE ATPase cycle impose alternating functions on the two GroEL rings.

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The ATPase cycle of GroE chaperonins has been examined by transient kinetics to dissect partial reactions in complexes where GroEL is asymmetrically loaded with nucleotides. The occupation of one heptameric ring by ADP does not inhibit the loading of the other with ATP nor does it prevent the

Morphological and physiological idiosyncrasies lead to interindividual variation in flight metabolic rate in worker bumblebees (Bombus impatiens).

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Although intraspecific variation in metabolic rate is associated with variation in body size, similarly sized individuals nonetheless vary greatly. At similar masses, hovering bumblebee workers (Bombus impatiens) can differ in metabolic rate up to twofold. We examined how such interindividual

Coordinate induction of energy gene expression in tissues of mitochondrial disease patients.

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We have examined the transcript levels of a variety of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and associated bioenergetic genes in tissues of a patient carrying the myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) A3243G mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation and the skeletal

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