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Adult patients (18 years and older) from the Clinical Division of Orthodontics at the University Clinic of Dentistry Vienna will be invited to participate in this pilot microbiologic study according to defined inclusion/exclusion criteria after giving their consent. This study is a pilot project and
Sixty patients (30 smokers (SM) and 30 non-smokers (NS) will be selected to participate of this study. All subjects will be recruited from the Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University, Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The study protocol was
Inhalational anesthetic agents have been used since the mid 1800s to help alleviate pain associated with labor. James Simpson and John Snow initially utilized ether and chloroform respectively in 1847 and 1853. Stanislav Klikovich followed in his predecessors footsteps and successfully administered
A debate in the literature exists as to whether periodontitis is linked with oral malodour and this study attempts to understand the way in which periodontal disease is associated with oral malodour-related parameters.
Clinical protocol:
Seventy-eight systemically healthy non-smokers were screened