3 4 dihydroxyphenylacetic acid/necrotisch

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3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, a microbiota-derived metabolite of quercetin, attenuates acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury through activation of Nrf-2.

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1. Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose leads to severe hepatotoxicity. 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) is a scarcely studied microbiota-derived metabolite of quercetin. The aim of this study was to determine the protective effect of DOPAC against APAP-induced liver injury. 2. Mice were treated

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors prevent striatal neuronal necrosis induced by transient forebrain ischemia.

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Seven days after 30 min of ischemia, neuronal necrosis was observed in the striatum. Pretreatment with type A monoamine oxidase (MAO-A) inhibitors, clorgyline and RS-8359 ((+)-4-(4-cyanoanilino)-7-hydroxycyclopenta (3,2-e) pyrimidine) decreased significantly the number of necrotic neurons and

Preclinical profiles of the novel reversible MAO-A inhibitors, moclobemide and brofaromine, in comparison with irreversible MAO inhibitors.

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Acceptance into clinical practice of monoamine oxidase (MAO) antidepressants requires unequivocal evidence that novel, non-hepatotoxic and reversible MAO-A inhibitors carry little or no risk of inducing severe hypertensive crises (cheese effect). This study summarizes the most relevant preclinical

The neuroprotective efficacy of alpha-crystallin against acute inflammation in mice.

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Acute inflammation activates macrophages or monocytes and subsequently releases several inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. These proinflammatory cytokines activate astrocytes and trigger neurodegenerative diseases. In this work, we chose to address the mechanistic

Assessment of renal dopaminergic system activity during the recovery of renal function in human kidney transplant recipients.

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BACKGROUND The urinary excretion of free dopamine has been used as an index of the renal synthesis of amine. However, it is now well recognized that in the kidney, newly-formed dopamine is significantly inactivated through deamination to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) by monoamine oxidase

Age influences abnormalities in striatal dopamine metabolism during and after transient forebrain ischemia.

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Age has been found to be a significant risk factor for brain ischemia and its mortality. After cerebral ischemia, the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system undergoes selective vulnerability with necrosis of striatal neurons. To study the effect of age and transient forebrain ischemia on striatal

(-)-Epicatechin and the colonic metabolite 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid protect against high glucose and lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in renal proximal tubular cells through NOX-4/p38 signalling

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Chronic hyperglycaemia and inflammation are present in diabetes and both processes have been related to the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease. Epicatechin (EC) and main colonic phenolic acids derived from flavonoid intake, such as 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic

Kainic acid induced seizures: neurochemical and histopathological changes.

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Behavioural, histopathological and neurochemical changes induced by systemic injection of kainic acid (10 mg/kg, s.c.) were investigated in rats. The most pronounced behavioural changes were strong immobility ("catatonia"), increased incidence of "wet dog shakes", and long-lasting generalized

Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of four cysteine-containing agents in striatum of MPTP-treated mice.

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OBJECTIVE Mice treated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) were used to examine the neuroprotective effects of n-acetyl cysteine (NAC), s-ethyl cysteine (SEC), s-methyl cysteine (SMC), and s-propyl cysteine (SPC). METHODS Each agent at 1 g/L was directly added to the drinking

Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory protection from carnosine in the striatum of MPTP-treated mice.

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Mice treated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) were used to examine the neuroprotective effects of carnosine. Carnosine at 0.5, 1, and 2 g/L was directly added to the drinking water for 4 weeks. MPTP treatment significantly depleted striatal glutathione content, reduced the

Neuroprotective efficiency of Mangifera indica leaves extract on cadmium-induced cortical damage in rats.

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Due to the high ability of cadmium to cross the blood-brain barrier, cadmium (Cd) causes severe neurological damages. Hence, the purpose of this study was to investigate the possible protective effect of Mangifera indica leaf extract (MLE) against Cd-induced neurotoxicity. Rats were divided into

Simvastatin prevents 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced striatal dopamine depletion and protein tyrosine nitration in mice.

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Parkinson's disease is a neurological disorder involving the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. There is increasing evidence that inflammation plays a role in the propagation of neurodegenerative processes in Parkinson's disease. We investigated the

Chrysin protects against behavioral, cognitive and neurochemical alterations in a 6-hydroxydopamine model of Parkinson's disease.

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Parkinson's disease (PD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder that severely affects quality of life of patients and their families. The flavonoid chrysin (5,7-dihydroxylflavone) is a naturally occurring flavone with several pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory and

Protective role of chrysin on 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurodegeneration a mouse model of Parkinson's disease: Involvement of neuroinflammation and neurotrophins.

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Chrysin is a natural flavonoid which is found in bee propolis, honey and various plants, and neuroprotective effect of chrysin in mice was previously demonstrated by our group. Neuroinflammation, neurotrophic factors and neuronal recovery factors associated with the neuroprotective effect of this

Hesperidin Ameliorates Anxiety-Depressive-Like Behavior in 6-OHDA Model of Parkinson's Disease by Regulating Striatal Cytokine and Neurotrophic Factors Levels and Dopaminergic Innervation Loss in the Striatum of Mice

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The mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of hesperidin in a murine model of PD are not fully elucidated. The current study was carried out to investigate the ability of hesperidin in modulating proinflammatory cytokines, neurotrophic factors, and neuronal recovery in 6-hydroxydopamine

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