attention deficit hyperactivity disorder/scopolamine

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Dose effects of triazolam and scopolamine on metamemory.

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The present study compared the acute dose effects of the benzodiazepine triazolam and the anticholinergic scopolamine on metamemory (knowledge and awareness of one's own memory) in a two-phase paradigm designed to assess effects on both monitoring and control components of metamemory in both

Scopolamine-induced deficits in spontaneous alternation performance: attenuation with lateral ventricle injections of glucose.

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This experiment determined whether centrally administered glucose can attenuate scopolamine-induced deficits in spontaneous alternation performance. All rats were surgically prepared with indwelling cannulae directed at the lateral ventricle. Thirty min prior to alternation tests, rats received

Scopolamine augmentation of a newly initiated escitalopram treatment for major depressive disorder: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

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Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent and disabling disorder that can lead to heavy individual, familial, and societal burdens. Although pharmaceutical interventions still play an essential role in therapeutic measures, limitations, including effects that are delayed for

The effects of intramuscular administration of scopolamine augmentation in moderate to severe major depressive disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

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Introduction: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common affective disorder. Currently established pharmacotherapies lack rapid clinical response, thereby limiting their ability to bring instant relief to patients. A series of clinical

Scopolamine does not impact declarative and motor memory consolidation across a night of sleep or a day of wakefulness.

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It has been proposed that normal waking levels of acetylcholine (ACH) are important for initial memory acquisition, and that decreased ACH is critical for memory consolidation. Sleep is thought to benefit memory consolidation in part due to the predominance of low ACH levels observed during

Scopolamine poisoning among heroin users--New York City, Newark, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, 1995 and 1996.

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Heroin is mixed ("cut") frequently with other substances primarily to increase its weight for retail sale (e.g., mannitol and starch) and to add pharmacologic effects (e.g., dextromethorphan and lidocaine). During 1995 and 1996, health departments and poison-control centers in New York City (NYC);

In vivo occupancy of dopamine D3 receptors by antagonists produces neurochemical and behavioral effects of potential relevance to attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder.

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Dopamine D(3) receptors have eluded definitive linkage to neurologic and psychiatric disorders since their cloning over 20 years ago. We report a new method that does not employ a radiolabel for simultaneously defining in vivo receptor occupancy of D(3) and D(2) receptors in rat brain after systemic

Effects of long-stimulus intervals and scopolamine administration on hippocampal kindling.

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Using the low-frequency kindling procedure, we studied the effects of periodic 2-week stimulus-free intervals and chronic scopolamine administration on hippocampal kindling seizure development. In Experiment 1, rats were divided into two groups, interval group and no-interval group. In the interval

Opioid Overdose

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One very common reason why patients seek medical care is for pain. Today, there are many ways to relieve pain, and one of them is with the use of opiates. Opiates have formally been approved for analgesia for close to 70 years, and for the most part, these drugs have been assumed to be relatively

Single versus combinatorial therapies in status epilepticus: Novel data from preclinical models.

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Drug-refractory status epilepticus (RSE) is a major medical emergency with a mortality of up to 40% and the risk of severe long-term consequences. The mechanisms involved in RSE are incompletely understood. Animal models are important in developing treatment strategies for more effective termination

Antiemetics in children receiving cancer chemotherapy.

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Nausea and vomiting are debilitating side effects that often accompany the administration of chemotherapy and may lead to adverse physiological and psychological effects. Chemotherapy agents usually stimulate the chemoreceptor trigger zone, which then sends signals to the vomiting center in the

Glucose and physostigmine effects on morphine- and amphetamine-induced increases in locomotor activity in mice.

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Recent findings indicate that glucose antagonizes several behavioral effects of cholinergic antagonists and augments those of cholinergic agonists. For example, scopolamine elicits increased locomotor activity, an action which is attenuated by glucose and by combined treatment with glucose and

Attention-modulating effects of cognitive enhancers.

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Attention can be readily measured in experimental animal models. Animal models of attention have been used to better understand the neural systems involved in attention, how attention is impaired, and how therapeutic treatments can ameliorate attentional deficits. This review focuses on the ways in

Tolerance to an anticholinergic agent is paralleled by increased binding to muscarinic receptors in rat brain and increased behavioral response to a centrally active cholinomimetic.

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Pretreatment of rats with agents with strong antimuscarinic activity in the CNS (scopolamine, benztropine, trihexyphenidyl, amitriptyline, and thioridazine) but not their inactive congeners (desipramine, fluphenazine, or haloperidol) led to significant increases in the maximum apparent density of

Attenuation of pharmacologically-induced attentional impairment by methylphenidate in rats.

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Methylphenidate is widely used as a treatment option for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. In animal models of attentional impairment, it is an important validation to determine whether this clinically effective treatment attenuates deficits. The purpose of the current study was to determine

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