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The "dark cerebellar sign".

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We present and discuss the "dark cerebellar sign" in contrast to the well known "white cerebellar sign". The "white cerebellar sign" relates to a normal cerebellum which appears hyperdense in contrast to a pathological hypodense cerebrum on computer tomography (CT). We present a child with a "dark

DARK Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Ibogaine.

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The West African iboga plant has been used for centuries by the Bwiti and Mbiri tribes to induce hallucinations during religious ceremonies. Ibogaine, the principal alkaloid responsible for iboga's psychedelic properties, was isolated and sold as an antidepressant in France for decades before its

Blue but not red light stimulation in the dark has antidepressant effect in behavioral despair.

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The present study investigated potential antidepressant effect of light exposure in the dark phase of a 12:12 L/D cycle on behavioral despair. In Exp.1, male Wistar rats were administered a single, 10 min broadband light pulse (1300lx) either 3h (ZT15) or 9h (ZT21) after dark onset (ZT12) and tested

A fully automated light/dark apparatus useful for comparing anxiolytic agents.

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The effects of known anxiolytic agents and putative anxiolytic agents were assessed in mice in a fully automated 2-compartment light/dark test. Significant increases in lit area activities (e.g., time spent in the lit area, locomotor activity, rearing behavior) were used as possible indicators of

Plant-environment interactions: Accumulation of hypericin in dark glands of Hypericum perforatum.

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OBJECTIVE Hypericum perforatum is a perennial herbaceous plant and an extract from this plant has a significant antidepressant effect when administered to humans. The plant is characterized by its secretory glands, also known as dark glands, which are mainly visible on leaves and flowers. The

Effects of repeated treatment with antidepressant drugs on the 24 hour behavior in the light-dark synchronized mice.

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Imipramine, amitriptyline, citalopram, zimelidine and mianserin--antidepressant drugs with a different mechanism of pharmacological activity, as well as haloperidol, a neuroleptic, and diazepam, an anxiolytic, administered for 14 days, were examined in photoresistor actometers in the exploratory

Hypericin in the Light and in the Dark: Two Sides of the Same Coin.

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Hypericin (4,5,7,4',5',7'-hexahydroxy-2,2'-dimethylnaphtodianthrone) is a naturally occurring chromophore found in some species of the genus Hypericum, especially Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John's wort), and in some basidiomycetes (Dermocybe spp.) or endophytic fungi (Thielavia subthermophila). In

Bipolar II with and without cyclothymic temperament: "dark" and "sunny" expressions of soft bipolarity.

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BACKGROUND In the present report deriving from the French national multi-site EPIDEP study, we focus on the characteristics of Bipolar II (BP-II), divided on the basis of cyclothymic temperament (CT). In our companion article (Hantouche et al., this issue), we found that this temperament in its

The modified light/dark transition test in mice: evaluation of classic and putative anxiolytic and anxiogenic drugs.

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1. We devised a new light/dark transition apparatus, recorded transitions, % time animals spent outside the dark chambers (% time) and locomotor activity, and evaluated this apparatus by testing anxiolytics, non-anxiolytic drugs and putative anxiogenic drugs in mice. 2. Diazepam and alprazolam

7,8-Dihydroxyflavone reduces sleep during dark phase and suppresses orexin A but not orexin B in mice.

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Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) binds to Tropomyosin-receptor-kinase B (TrkB) receptors that regulate synaptic strength and plasticity in the mammalian nervous system. 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone (DHF) is a recently identified small molecule Trk B agonist that has been reported to ameliorate

Sustained citalopram treatment in experimental hepatic encephalopathy: effects on entrainment to the light-dark cycle and melatonin.

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Patients with chronic hepatic encephalopathy often display altered diurnal rhythm as well as other affective disturbances which motivate treatment with antidepressants. We investigated the effects of sustained treatment with citalopram (10 mg/kg daily, 10 days) on 24-hr behavioural open-field

Effects of the antidepressant drugs clomipramine and mianserin on tryptophan hydroxylase activity in the rat brain, measured at two points in the light/dark cycle.

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Tryptophan hydroxylase activity has been measured in synaptosomal preparations from rat brain. A significant circadian variation in enzyme activity was apparent in corpus striatum, (p < 0.001), brainstem and cortex (p < 0.01). A single dose of clomipramine or mianserin (20 mg/kg) had no effect on

The anxiolytic-like properties of two selective MAOIs, moclobemide and selegiline, in a standard and an enhanced light/dark aversion test.

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The present study was designed to investigate the putative anxiolytic effects of moclobemide (MOC), a reversible inhibitor of type A monoamine oxidase enzyme (RIMA) antidepressant, in an experimental model of anxiety in mice. The test selected was the light/dark aversion test. In the present

Behavioral despair is differentially affected by the length and timing of photic stimulation in the dark phase of an L/D cycle.

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The effect of varying the length and timing of photic stimulation in the dark phase of an L/D lighting cycle on behavioral despair was investigated in female Wistar rats. Animals were kept in a vivarium on an L/D 12 h:12 h light cycle (lights on at 0700 h) except for a single day of light exposure

Winter Depression: Integrating mood, circadian rhythms, and the sleep/wake and light/dark cycles into a bio-psycho-social-environmental model.

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The phase shift hypothesis (PSH) states that most patients with SAD become depressed in the winter because of a delay in circadian rhythms with respect to the sleep/wake cycle: According to the PSH, these patients should preferentially respond to the antidepressant effects of bright light exposure

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