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The involvement of glucose-6-phosphatase in mucilage secretion by root cap cells of Zea mays.

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In order to determine the involvement of glucose-6-phosphatase in mucilage secretion by root cap cells, we have cytochemically localized the enzyme in columella and peripheral cells of root caps of Zea mays. Glucose-6-phosphatase is associated with the plasmalemma and cell wall of columella cells.

Glucose-6-phosphatase activity is not suppressed but the mRNA level is increased by a sucrose-enriched meal in rats.

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The expression of glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) mRNA is repressed by insulin and stimulated by cAMP and dexamethasone, with the insulin effect dominant. Both lipids and glucose increase the expression of G6Pase mRNA under conditions in which insulin is either absent or at basal levels. The aim of

Human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells improve glucose homeostasis in rats with liver cirrhosis.

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Disturbance of glucose metabolism is a common feature in liver cirrhosis which is associated with insulin resistance and is an established risk factor for disease progression and survival in patients with chronic liver diseases. We investigated whether umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem

Chlorpyrifos-induced alterations in the activities of carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes in rat liver: the role of zinc.

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The present study was conducted to evaluate the adverse effects of chlorpyrifos on the key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in liver, and also to assess the role of zinc under these toxic conditions. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats received either oral chlorpyrifos treatment (13.5 mg/kg body weight

Effect of dietary energy on hepatic glycogen metabolism in the turkey hen.

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An experiment was conducted with turkey hens to investigate the effect of substituting 30% of the carbohydrate calories with corn oil, 1,3-butanediol, or glycerol. Birds fed additional corn oil had the lowest liver glycogen concentration. Corn oil increased phosphorylase, a total phosphorylase, and

Effect of trichloroethylene (TCE) toxicity on the enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism, brush border membrane and oxidative stress in kidney and other rat tissues.

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Trichloroethylene (TCE), an industrial solvent, is a major environmental contaminant. Histopathological examinations revealed that TCE caused liver and kidney toxicity and carcinogenicity. However, biochemical mechanism and tissue response to toxic insult are not completely elucidated. We

Delineation of the role of metabolism in the hepatotoxicity of trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene: a dose-effect study.

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The relationship among dose, metabolism and hepatotoxicity in mice which resulted from subchronic exposure to the chlorinated solvents trichloroethylene (TRI) and perchloroethylene (PER) were examined. Male Swiss-Cox mice received either TRI (0 to 3200 mg/kg/day) of PER (0 to 2000 mg/kg/day) in corn

The molecular mechanisms of liver and islets of Langerhans toxicity by benzene and its metabolite hydroquinone in vivo and in vitro.

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Benzene (C6H6) is one of the most commonly used industrial chemicals causing environmental pollution. This study aimed to examine the effect of benzene and its metabolite hydroquinone on glucose regulating organs, liver and pancreas, and to reveal the involved toxic mechanisms, in rats. In the in

A new substrate cycle in plants. Evidence for a high glucose-phosphate-to-glucose turnover from in vivo steady-state and pulse-labeling experiments with [13C]glucose and [14C]glucose.

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Substrate (futile) cycling involving carbohydrate turnover has been widely reported in plant tissues, although its extent, mechanisms, and functions are not well known. In this study, two complementary approaches, short and steady-state labeling experiments, were used to analyze glucose metabolism

Taurine protects the liver against lipid peroxidation and membrane disintegration during rat hepatocarcinogenesis.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of taurine supplementation on both hepatic morphological changes and the extent of hepatic lipid peroxidation and membrane disintegration during rat hepatocarcinogenesis. Sprague Dawley rats were fed high fat diets containing 15% corn oil and

The effect of hypothermia on biochemical and morphological aspects of carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity.

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The temporal relationships among selected correlates of hepatocellular damage were investigated in cordotomized, hypothermic rats intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Rats were spinally transected between C6 and C7 and allowed to become hypothermic. CCl4 (1.25 ml/kg ip) was administered as

Short-Term PCB (Aroclor 1254) Toxicity on Few Phosphatases in Mice Brain.

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The present communication reports the dose and duration dependent toxicity of a PCB, Aroclor 1254, to a few ion dependent ATPases, Acid phosphatase, Alkaline phosphatase and Glucose-6-phosphatase in the whole brain tissue of mice. Two groups of mice were subjected to two sublethal doses (0.1 and 1

Effects of maternal ethanol consumption on the ontogeny of gluconeogenesis in the perinatal period.

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Ethanol-induced birth defects may be metabolic or structural. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of prenatal ethanol exposure on the ontogeny of gluconeogenic enzymes. Female rats were fed either liquid diets containing 35% ethanol-derived calories or control diets with isocaloric

Effect of oral dosing vehicles on the acute hepatotoxicity of carbon tetrachloride in rats.

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Although carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is of concern as a drinking water contaminant, it has been necessary in most oral toxicity studies to give CCl4 in an oil vehicle due to its limited water solubility. The primary objective of our study was to assess the influence of dosing vehicles on the acute

Influences of dietary restriction and age on liver enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation in mice.

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Dietary restriction extends maximum life span in rodents by unknown mechanisms. We compared livers from 12- and 24-mo-old mice fed control (C, approximately 95 kcal/wk) or restricted (R, approximately 55 kcal/wk) amounts of diet since 3 wk of age. We hypothesized that dietary restriction might alter

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