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Myotonic seizures with apnea are alarming but temporary incidents occurring during curaization of a myotonic patient. Experience with regional curaization in myotonia shows that it is induced only by suxamethonium and it is only an exaggeration of the fasciculations produced by this compound. In
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SCN4A gene mutations cause a number of neuromuscular phenotypes including myotonia. A subset of infants with myotonia-causing mutations experience severe life-threatening episodic laryngospasm with apnea. We have recently identified similar SCN4A mutations in association with sudden
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Missense mutations in the skeletal muscle sodium channel alpha-subunit gene (SCN4A) are associated with a group of clinically overlapping diseases caused by alterations in the excitability of the sarcolemma. Sodium channel defects may increase excitability and cause myotonic stiffness or may render
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The association between hereditary myotonic disorders and epilepsy is seldom described in the literature. To date, few reports have dealt with dystrophic myotonias, whereas a single case demonstrating an association between sporadic congenital myotonia and epilepsy was recently reported in a patient
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Myoclonus is a sudden brief, involuntary muscle jerk. Of all the movement disorders, myoclonus is the most difficult to encapsulate into any simple framework. On the one hand, a classification system is required that is clinically useful to aid in guiding diagnosis and treatment. On the other hand,
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The first report of the rare combination of myotonia congenita, Klinefelter syndrome and primary hypoparathyroidism was reported. The patient was a 21-year-old man who presented with stiffness of the muscles for 12 years and a history of generalised convulsion for 8 years. His school studies
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Brief resolved unexplained events (BRUEs) have numerous and varied causes posing a challenge to investigation and management. A subset of infants with the neuromuscular disorder sodium channel myotonia, due to mutations in the SCN4A gene, experience apnoeic events due to laryngospasm
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In 1998, the discovery of two novel genes KCNQ2 and KCNQ3, mutated in a rare inherited form of epilepsy known as benign familial neonatal convulsions, for the first time enabled insight into the molecular etiology of a human idiopathic generalized epilepsy syndrome. These disease genes encode
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Myotonia is repetitive firing of muscle action potentials causing prolonged muscle contractions even after mechanical stimulations to the muscles have ceased. Most common myotonic disorder is myotonic dystrophy which is now termed DM1, myotonic dystrophy type 1. In Japan, proximal myotonic myopathy,
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The newborn infant is prone to motor phenomena of various physiological mechanisms and pathological significance whereas they can share close clinical patterns. A detailed clinical analysis, that should be supported by a video EEG recording, is necessary. That may help to distinguish myoclonus,
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Generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures-plus (GEFS+) is a benign Mendelian syndrome characterized by childhood-onset febrile and afebrile seizures. Three point mutations within two voltage-gated sodium channel genes have been identified so far: in GEFS+ type 1 a mutation in the beta1-subunit gene
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OBJECTIVE
To review the structure and function of membrane ion channels with special emphasis on inherited nervous system channel disorders or channelopathies.
RESULTS
Channels are pores in the cell membrane. Through these pores ions flow across the membrane and depolarize or hyperpolarize the cell.
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Phenytoin has a wide range of pharmacologic effects other than its anticonvulsant activity. It has been the subject of more than 8,000 published papers, which include clinical reports of its usefulness in approximately 100 diseases and symptoms. In the United States the only indications for use in
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Proximal myotonic myopathy (PROMM) is an autosomal dominantly inherited multisystemic disorder characterized by myotonia, proximal muscle weakness, and cataracts. This disorder is not linked to the gene locus of myotonic dystrophy (DM). We describe three new families with PROMM. In all patients, CTG
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