[Cutaneous polymorph manifestations of familial Mediterranean fever in a child].

We describe the case of a 4-year-old child with Mediterranean fever characterized by cutaneous features. Familial Mediterranean fever is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by recurrent attacks of fever and polyserositis including peritonitis, pleuritis, and arthritis. Skin involvement is less common. In our case, the successively patient presented erysipelas-like erythema, edemas of the palmar and plantar regions, and purpuric lesions. From these clinical observations, several diagnoses were raised: infectious erysipelas, Kawasaki disease, Henoch-Schönlein purpura, and familial Mediterranean fever. Only the latter diagnosis was confirmed after exploration and then confirmed with genetic analysis, which found a M694V homozygous mutation. Erysipelas-like erythema is the most frequent cutaneous sign reported in the literature and the only one to be associated with the M694V homozygous mutation. The originality of this case is the dominancy and polymorphism of the skin lesions.