[Tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption as risk factors for stomach cancer in different locations and histologic types].

A multicancer hospital based case-control study involving interviews with 741 incident male and female gastric cancer cases under the age of 75 years and an equal number of age and sex matched controls has been carried out in Poland. Smoking cigarettes without filter increased the risk for intestinal cancer in the cardia part of the stomach (OR = 3.72, 95% CI: 1.35-10.23). Relative risk of the intestinal type of cancer in the distal part of the stomach was augmented with the increasing frequency and amount of vodka drinking. Subjects who drank vodka at least once a week had about 4.5 times the risk of intestinal cancer of the gastric corpus compared to non-drinkers (RR = 4.45, CI: 2.26-8.75). The relative risk of intestinal carcinoma in the distal stomach due to vodka drinking among those who used to drink vodka on an empty stomach was also elevated (RR = 3.28, CI: 1.33-8.13), but the effect of years of vodka drinking habit failed to show significant association with gastric cancer. A weak interaction effect between smoking and vodka drinking was found for intestinal cardia cancer. Diffuse type gastric carcinoma or mixed type carcinoma were not significantly related to smoking or vodka drinking habits.