Positive control with 100% allicin bioavailability

Healthy

1 gram crushed garlic in gelatin capsules, one dose once every 2-16 weeks

crushed garlic clove

tablets, dose to contain 1 gram of garlic powder, consume one dose once every two weeks for up to 52 weeks

garlic powder tablet

Silliker, Inc.

Allicin Bioavailability From Garlic Supplements and Garlic Foods

Allicin Bioavailability of Garlic Products

Larry D. Lawson, principal investigator

National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH)

The primary outcome measurement for each study arm is the change in lopinavir area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC) after two weeks administration of an herbal preparation (Ginkgo Biloba).

The primary outcome measurement for each study arm is the change in lopinavir area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC) after two weeks administration of an herbal preparation (Echinacea purpurea).

The primary outcome measurement for each study arm is the change in lopinavir area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC) after two weeks administration of an herbal preparation (Panax ginseng).

Lopinavir + ritonavir (x 2 weeks), midazolam (single dose), and fexofenadine (single dose) pharmacokinetics determined before, and after 14-28 days of Ginkgo Biloba administration (120 mg two times daily) to healthy human volunteers.

Influence of Ginkgo Biloba on Lopinavir/Ritonavir Disposition

Lopinavir + ritonavir (x 2 weeks), midazolam (single dose), and fexofenadine (single dose) pharmacokinetics determined before, and after 14-28 days of Echinacea(500 mg three times daily).

Influence of Echinacea on Lopinavir/Ritonavir Disposition

Lopinavir (x 2 weeks), midazolam (single dose), and fexofenadine (single dose) pharmacokinetics determined before, and after 14-28 days of Panax ginseng (500 mg twice daily).

Influence of Panax Ginseng on Lopinavir/Ritonavir Disposition

Total

Sex: Female, Male

Region of Enrollment

The outcome measurement for each study arm is the change in lopinavir area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC) after two weeks administration of an herbal preparation (Ginkgo Biloba, Echinacea purpurea, or Panax Ginseng).

Lopinavir pharmacokinetics (administered as lopinavir-ritonavir X 2 weeks) determined before, and after 14 days of Ginkgo Biloba administration (120 mg two times daily) to healthy human volunteers.

Influence of Ginkgo Biloba on Lopinavir Disposition

Lopinavir (administered as lopinavir-ritonavir X 2 weeks)pharmacokinetics determined before, and after 14 days of Echinacea purpurea administration (500 mg three times daily) to healthy human volunteers.

Influence of Echinacea on Lopinavir Disposition

Lopinavir (administered as lopinavir-ritonavir X 2 weeks)pharmacokinetics determined before, and after 14-28 days of Panax ginseng (500 mg twice daily).

Influence of Panax Ginseng on Lopinavir Disposition

Lopinavir Pharmacokinetics When Administered Alone and in Combination With Three Different Herbal Supplements: Ginkgo Biloba, Panax Ginsing, and Echinacea Purpurea.

Overall Study

Scott Penzak

Ginkgo Biloba 120 mg twice daily for 14 days

Gingko Biloba

Echinacea purpurea 500 mg three times daily for 14 days

Echinacea purpurea

Panax ginseng

National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, 9000 Rockville Pike

Drug Interactions of Echinacea, Ginseng, and Ginkgo Biloba Taken With Lopinavir/Ritonavir in Healthy Volunteers

The Influence of Concurrent Administration of Echinacea Purpurea, Ginkgo Biloba, or Panax Ginseng on the Steady State Pharmacokinetic Profile of Lopinavir/Ritonavir in Healthy Volunteers

allium commutatum/protease

Allicin Bioavailability From Garlic Supplements and Garlic Foods

Drug Interactions of Echinacea, Ginseng, and Ginkgo Biloba Taken With Lopinavir/Ritonavir in Healthy Volunteers

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