Taurine in Cancer Colon

Serum taurine was determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) according to the pre-column extraction and derivatization methodology of McMahon et al. In the present work, we use Shimadzu HPLC model LC-10AT

Taurine

Hanaa El Gendy

The Prospect of Using Serum Taurine Level as a Potential Biomarker for Early Detection of Colorectal Carcinoma and Its Correlation With Other Prognostic Markers

Hanaa Mohamed Abdallah ElGendy MD

Assistant Professor

Ain Shams University

Stratum 1: From 3 months to <18 months= 175 Stratum 2: From 18 months to 59 months= 175
In total, 350 participants will be enrolled

Acute Diarrhea

Half of the tablet (10 mg) for 3 to 6 months old children and one tablet (20 mg) daily for > 6 to 59 months old children. The tablet will be dissolved in a teaspoon of safe water or breast milk and administered once daily for 10 days.

Zinc Sulfate Dispersible Tablet 20 mg (Elemental Zinc 20 mg as Zinc Sulfate Monohydrate / Tablet)

Zinc Sulfate Acceptability

Zinc Sulfate Acceptability Study in Children With Acute Diarrhea: A Prospective, Open-label, Interventional Study

The treatment will be considered to have good acceptability if 80% of the prescribed treatment is taken by at least 70% of the children.

A subjective evaluation measured on the basis of a caregiver's report of his/her child's behavior (through a 5-point pictorial Hedonic scale) during the 10 days when the medicine is administered. A 'Diary Card' will be provided to the caregiver for keeping the daily records of the events.

International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh

Stratum 1: From 3 months to <18 months= 175 Stratum 2: From 18 months to 59 months= 175
in total, 350 participants will be enrolled

The treatment group will have faecal microbiota transplantation performed using stool from a healthy human donor

The placebo group will have autologous faecal microbiota transplantation performed.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Faecal microbiota transplantation

Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork

Faecal Microbiota Transplantation in Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Randomised Placebo Controlled Trial of Faecal Microbiota Transplantation in Irritable Bowel Syndrome

This assessment will be obtained by defining the response (Yes or No) to the following question.
"Please consider how you felt in the past week in regard to your IBS, in particular your overall well-being, and symptoms of abdominal discomfort or pain, bloating or distension and altered bowel habit .Compared to the way you usually felt before the beginning of the trial, have you had adequate relief of your IBS-symptoms?"

The primary symptoms of IBS will be scored on a six point Likert scale at baseline, week 4 and at end of study. The following symptoms will be assessed and recorded: abdominal pain/discomfort, bloating/distension, sense of incomplete evacuation, straining at stool, urgency of bowel movement, passage of gas and mucus, bowel habit satisfaction. Each symptom will be assessed using a 6-point scale, where 0 = none to 5 = very severe. Bowel habit satisfaction will be assessed using a 6-point scale where 0 = very satisfied and 5 = very dissatisfied. Overall assessment of IBS symptoms will be also be scored on a 6 - point scale. An IBS composite score(15 point score) representing the sum of individual scores for abdominal pain/discomfort, bloating/distension, and bowel movement difficulty (straining at stool or urgency of bowel movement) will be calculated.

At baseline and at the end of the study each subject will complete an IBS-specific quality of life questionnaire (IBS-QOL)

At baseline and at the end of the study each subject will complete the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) Scale.

Patients will be monitored throughout the study period and they will be recorded as per the The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) criteria

We will characterise all participants' microbiota composition at baseline and at the end of study to determine if there is a subgroup of patient/donor combinations, based on their microbiota composition, in whom a positive response to FMT was obtained. This would be very valuable for future optimization of a positive primary outcome.

Professor Fergus Shanahan

Professor and Chair Department of Medicine and Director Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork

University College Cork

The study will involve consenting mother-infant pairs from Kamwala health facility in Lusaka where the Maternal Child Health (MCH). Those generally interested will be invited to the research clinic, where more detailed information about the study is offered. Motivated mothers will be recruited and taken through the written informed consent process by the study nurse.
Enrolled mother-infant pairs will undergo baseline procedures as earlier described. They will then be followed prospectively until about December 2016. They will be expected to come to the clinic for scheduled visits at baseline, 1, 3, 12, 15 and 42 months. They will be urged to come to the clinic for unscheduled visit should the infant be unwell at any time, and particularly each time the infant experiences diarrhoea.

Blood samples for immunogenicity testing will be analyzed in batches. Stool samples for rotavirus extraction will also be stored and analyzed in batches.

Mother-Infant Pair

Sex: Female, Male

Region of Enrollment

The primary exposure in this cohort is maternal IgA status, as we believe breast milk IgA is the most critical factor in failed vaccination, and maternal IgA has previously been estimated to be either high level (approximately 55%) or undetectable or low level (approximately 45%).
We will collect maternal serum and breast-milk IgA at the time of vaccination and then measure infant anti-rotavirus-specific serum IgA levels 1 month following the second dose of Rotarix™ (GlaxoSmithKline) rotavirus vaccine.

The proposed study will recruit a prospective cohort of 420 mother-infant pairs. These will be enrolled at the time of vaccination (6-12 week old infant) and followed for up to four years. Baseline immunological status will be ascertained and seroconversion rates determined a month after full immunization.

Proportion of Immunized Infants Exposed to High Breast Milk Anti-rotavirus Immunoglobulin-A Who Fail to Seroconvert

The co-primary exposure in this cohort is transplacentally acquired anti-rotavirus immunoglobulin-G.
We will collect infant serum at baseline before any vaccination and then measure the levels of anti-rotavirus-specific serum IgG and will also obtain the same at 1 month following the second dose of Rotarix™ rotavirus vaccine.

Proportion of Immunized Infants Exposed to Transplacentally-acquired, Rotavirus-specific, Infant Serum IgG Who Fail to Sero-convert.

To evaluate whether maternal HIV infection (as well as level of CD4 count) affects infant vaccine take, we will collect the maternal HIV status, (and CD4 count if +ve). We will then correlate the maternal HIC status and CD4 count levels to infant zero conversion at 1 month after the two vaccine doses.

Mother/Infant Pair

Proportion of Immunized Infants Exposed to Maternal HIV Infection Who Fail to Seroconvert

To evaluation whether nutritional status affects vaccine take, we will assess the immunized infant's nutritional status as indicated by serum level of zinc and vitamin A. These will be correlated to seroconversion results.

Proportion of Immunized Infants With Low Micronutrient Levels (as Indicated by Serum Zinc and Vitamin A), Who Fail to Seroconvert

Determination of genotype in every rotavirus causing severe gastroenteritis will be done each time stool samples are collected for diarrhoea. Patients presenting with any diarrhoea will be tested for rotavirus and staged clinically (by Vesikari score). Those with severe disease (e.g., Vesikari >11/20) will be processed for genotype. Thus, we will identify the number of rotavirus cases following vaccination as well as identify the strain in those with severe disease.
This will allow for "wild type versus vaccine"strain mismatch evaluation. We anticipate that the circulating strains in the community will change in response to vaccine pressure at the population level. However, when interpreting reasons for vaccine failure, it is critically important to evaluate strain mismatch because the way to approach this type of breakthrough disease is dramatically different than if there is breakthrough infection to vaccine strain rotavirus.

Determination of genotype in every rotavirus causing severe gastroenteritis will be done each time stool samples are collected for diarrhoea. Patients presenting with any diarrhoea will be tested for rotavirus and staged clinically (by Vesikari score). Those with severe disease (e.g., Vesikari >11/20) will be processed for genotype. Thus, we will identify the number of rotavirus cases following vaccination as well as identify the strain in those with severe disease.

Infants

Sero-epidemiology of Breakthrough Rotavirus Infection in Immunized Infants

Proportion of Immunized Infants Exposed to High Breast Milk anti-rotavirus IgA Who Fail to Seroconvert will be calculated comparing baseline to after 1 month of full immunization.

gastroenteritis/albumina

The Prospect of Using Serum Taurine Level as a Potential Biomarker for Early Detection of Colorectal Carcinoma and Its Correlation With Other Prognostic Markers

Zinc Sulfate Acceptability

Faecal Microbiota Transplantation in Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Causes of Rotavirus Vaccine Failure in Zambian Children

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