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Hypoxia leads to HIF-1 production (hypoxia inducible factor 1) which regulates expression of many genes (eg. gene responsible for erythropoetin production). It also stimulates angiogenesis, muscle hypertrophy and glycolytic energy production by transactivating genes involved in extracellular glucose
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is caused by the destruction of pancreatic islet cells through an autoimmune attack against insulin-producing beta cells in the endocrine pancreas. This in turn impairs glucose control causing multi-organ failure, morbidity and mortality which are also associated with high
Epilepsy is a condition where individuals are prone to recurrent epileptic seizures; which means a change in the electrical activity of the brain resulting in a change in behaviour or movement. Epilepsy is a symptom of the condition of which there are many different causes, including brain injury
Cardiac arrythmias are the most common cardiac complications after thoracic surgery. They are made primarily of postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF).
They are associated with an increased risk of stroke, increased length of hospital stay and cost of care, and increased long-term
Pancreas is an important retroperitoneal organ with exocrine and endocrine functions. Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most lethal diseases among all cancer types. It moved from the fourth to the third leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States and is anticipated to become the
Peri-operative active warming is the practice of warming patients who undergo an operation with the use of one or more warming devices. Active warming can be initiated before, during and/or after an operation and its main purpose is to prevent and/or manage hypothermia in patients. Commonly used
Problem: Chronic steroid use causes a wide range of side effects, of which bone disease and adrenal suppression cause significant morbidity. Bone disease, which includes osteopenia, fractures, and osteonecrosis, is very common. In patients on chronic steroids, fractures can occur in up to 30-50%,
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:
1. To compare the effectiveness and safety of oral atenolol versus oral propranolol in the treatment of infantile hemangiomas.
2. To elucidate the mechanism of action of atenolol and propranolol in the treatment of infantile hemangiomas.
STUDY DESIGN MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This
The population to include in this study corresponds to the low-risk pregnant women with surveillance at the Prenatal Consultation or referenced by the Primary Care units to the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology of Hospital de Santa Maria. The screening method for detection of fetuses at risk of
Diabetes is reaching epidemic proportions and is predicted to affect 300 millions people worldwide in 2025. Chronic complications of diabetes represent the main concern for the modern therapy of diabetes and it has become a priority to further characterize their pathophysiological mechanisms to
Sepsis associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a common neurological complication of sepsis that is often associated with worse prognosis, yet remains poorly understood. It occurs in the absence of direct brain infection or other types of disease-associated encephalopathy such as hepatic or renal
Aim: In this post hoc study of a RCT the primary aim is to determine the effect of EPO compared to placebo in improving outcome, including survival, neurological function and quality of life two years after the conclusion of the EPO-TBI study (two to seven years after moderate or severe TBI
Background:
Traumatic brain injury (TBI, "head injury) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide (Hyder et al., 2007). During the first four decades of life, trauma is the leading cause of death and TBI is involved in at least half the number of cases (Jennett, 1996). In the UK, 1,500
Fluid therapy is aimed to compensate for fasting which is required for surgery, to meet the ongoing fluid losses and to maintain electrolyte balance during surgery. Fluid deficit of a healthy child who is not fed parenterally may be estimated by multiplying hourly maintenance requirement for fluid