Ketorolac - Oral; 10 mg tablet: 1 tablet every 6 hours, or as needed. (20 tablets prescribed).
Acetaminophen - Oral; patient directed as needed. Not prescribed.
Ketorolac and Acetaminophen administered post surgery to compare pain outcomes to that of Percocet.

Percocet - Oral; 5 mg tablet: 1 tablet every 4-6 hours, or as needed. (10 tablets prescribed).
Percocet administered post surgery to compare pain outcomes to that of the non-opioid analgesia.

Nephrolithiasis

Ketorolac is a prescribed NSAID with strong analgesic activity. Ketorolac will be administered post surgery to compare pain outcomes to that of Percocet.

Ketorolac Oral Tablet [Toradol]

Acetaminophen is an over-the counter pain medication that will be administered post surgery to compare pain outcomes to that of Percocet.

Acetaminophen

Percocet is a prescribed opioid medication to manage pain. Percocet will be administered post surgery to compare pain outcomes to that of non-opioid analgesia.

Oxycodone Acetaminophen

Jack D. Weiler Hospital

Montefiore Hutchinson Campus

Pain Outcomes of Non-opioid vs. Opioid Analgesia for Kidney Stone Surgery.

Pain Outcomes of Non-opioid Analgesia After Ureteroscopy or Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy for Nephrolithiasis: a Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial.

The patient will be asked to rate satisfaction with pain relief since undergoing surgery and being on the assigned medication. This will be on an 11-point scale, with 0 being not satisfied with pain relief, and 10 being well-satisfied.

The patient will be asked to rate the current pain intensity level. Patient will be asked to rate this intensity level on a scale 0-10, with 0 being no pain, and 10 being the worst possible pain.

The patient will be asked to rate the worst pain intensity level since undergoing the surgery. The patient will be asked to rate this intensity level on a scale 0-10, with 0 being no pain, and 10 being the worst possible pain.

The patient will be asked to rate the average pain intensity level since undergoing surgery. The patient will be asked to rate this intensity level on a scale 0-10, with 0 being no pain, and 10 being the worst possible pain.

The patient will be asked to rate the belief of an acceptable pain intensity level for the current time after undergoing this surgery 1 week prior. The patient will be asked to rate this intensity level on a scale 0-10, with 0 being no pain, and 10 being the worst possible pain.

Number of prescribed pills that were unused 1 week post surgery. More unused medications may indicate the potential to decrease the dosage needed.

Incidence of constipation in subjects. This will be measured by whether the patient experienced constipation in the week after surgery. Lower rates of constipation may indicate less incidence of adverse events.

Joshua Stern

Associate Professor

Montefiore Medical Center

This will be an open label, prospective study of approximately 112 subjects undergoing either ureteroscopy or percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Patients who are eligible and choose to undergo ureteroscopy or percutaneous nephrolithotomy will then be asked if they would like to participate in the study and informed consent will be obtained. Patients will then be randomized to control (opioid analgesia) or non-opioid analgesia groups, and given this medication at discharge.

kidney calculi/hypoxia

Pain Outcomes of Non-opioid vs. Opioid Analgesia for Kidney Stone Surgery.

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