Dexmedetomidine 1 mcg/kg over 10 min followed by 0.4 mcg/kg/hr. till the start of wound closure.

Lidocaine prepared in a syringe with the same volume of Dexmedetomidine to assure blinding given as 1mg/kg over 10 min followed by 1mg/kg/hr till the start of wound closure.

Stress Related Disorder

Dexmedetomidine

Lidocaine given as 1mg/kg over 10 min followed by 1mg/kg/hr till the start of wound closure.

Lidocaine

Adjuvant to General Anesthesia in Patients Undergoing Major Abdominal Surgeries

Comparison Between Dexmedetomidine and Lidocaine as an Adjuvant to General Anesthesia in Patients Undergoing Major Abdominal Surgeries

Serum Interleukin 6 will be measured in picogram/Milliliter

Measurement of Serum Cortisol levels in microgram/deciliter

MABP changes in mmHg with intubation, extubation and throughout surgery

HR changes with intubation, extubation and throughout surgery

Total postoperative morphine consumption in mg during first 24 hours

Total Ephedrine dose in mg used intraoperative for treatment of hypotension

Total Atropine dose in mg used intraoperative for treatment of bradycardia

Pain scale measurement for postoperative assessment of pain consisting from 0 to 10 representing 0 as no pain and 10 as the most imaginable pain treating the patient if VAS > 3

Mohamed A Elsadany, MD

Principal Investigator

Suez Canal University

1. Anesthesia-sedation KETOFOL 1-1: Two milligrams per kilogram of ketamine plus two milligrams per kilogram of propofol in a solution 1:1 (one milligram of ketamine per one milligram of propofol) was given to those patients randomly asigned to this group, who were scheduled for any short surgical procedures previously defined in the inclusion criteria.

2. Anesthesia-sedation KETOFOL 1-2: One milligram per kilogram of ketamine plus two milligrams per kilogram of propofol in a solution 1:2 (one milligram of ketamine per two milligrams of propofol) was given to those patients randomly asigned to this group, who were scheduled for any short surgical procedure previously defined in the inclusion criteria.

Anesthesia; Reaction

After randomization to the study group, the patients were given:
Procedures < 10 minutes
Ketamine-Propofol Combination KETOFOL 1:1
Propofol: 0.2 cc/kg (10 mg/cc = 2 mg/kg)
Ketamine: cc/kg 0.04 (50 mg/cc = 2 mg/kg)
Simple 1% lidocaine: 0,1 cc/kg (10 mg/cc = 1 mg/kg)
Ketamine-Propofol Combination KETOFOL 1:2
Propofol: 0.2 cc/kg (10 mg/cc = 2 mg/kg)
Ketamine: 0.02 cc/kg (50 mg/cc = 1 mg/kg)
Simple 1% lidocaine: 0,1 cc/kg (10 mg/cc = 1 mg/kg)
Procedures > 10 minutes
In addition to the initial bolus, an infusion was started:
KETOFOL 1:1
20 cc of propofol (10 mg/cc = 200 mg in total) 4 cc of ketamine (50 mg/cc = 200 mg in total) 10cc lidocaine 1% simple (10 mg/cc = 100 mg in total) 66 cc 0.9% SSN
KETOFOL 1:2
20 cc of propofol (10 mg/cc = 200 mg in total) 2 cc of ketamine (50 mg/cc = 100 mg in total) 10cc lidocaine 1% simple (10 mg/cc = 100 mg in total) 68 cc 0.9% SSN
Speed infusion:
0,03cc/kg/min

Ketamina-Propofol Combination

Efficacy of Ketamine-Propofol for Short Surgical Procedures

EFFICACY OF KETAMINE-PROPOFOL COMBINATION FOR SHORT SURGICAL PROCEDURES

Sedation / analgesia was considered successful if the procedure was completed without the need for other anesthetic drugs are different from the protocol, and yes no adverse effects to oblige the completion of the procedure. Apnea was defined as cessation of breathing for at least 20 seconds. Hypotension was defined as 20% decrease in mean arterial pressure. Bradycardia was defined as a pulse of less than two standard deviations below normal values defined by the American Heart Association (AHA_ for its acronym in Ingles_). Hypoxia was defined by an oxygen saturation of less than 90%.

malignant hyperthermia/albumina

Adjuvant to General Anesthesia in Patients Undergoing Major Abdominal Surgeries

Efficacy of Ketamine-Propofol for Short Surgical Procedures

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