Strona 1 od 52 wyniki
Plants have developed sophisticated recognition systems for different kinds of pathogens. Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) can induce various defense mechanisms, e.g., the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as an early event. Plant defense reactions are initiated by a signal
Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOSs) and malto-oligosaccharides (MOSs) in cured tobacco leaves ( Nicotiana tabacum ) were detected and quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). These oligosaccharides were
Plant viral diseases cause severe economic losses in agricultural production. Development of microorganism-derived antiviral agents provides an alternative strategy to efficiently control plant viral diseases. In this study, the antiviral effect and mechanism of a combined biological agent
To confirm the inactivating effect of chito-oligosaccharides on Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) par ticles in vitro, the difference of TMV pathogenicity was evaluated according to the decrease of local lesion numbers after inoculating with TMV mixed with chito-oligosaccharides (DP3-10) in Nicotiana
Galactan:galactan galactosyltransferase (GGT) is a unique enzyme of the raffinose family oligosaccharide (RFO) biosynthetic pathway. It catalyzes the chain elongation of RFOs without using galactinol (alpha-galactosyl-myoinositol) by simply transferring a terminal alpha-galactosyl residue from one
Lipochitin oligosaccharides called Nod factors function as primary rhizobial signal molecules triggering legumes to develop new plant organs: root nodules that host the bacteria as nitrogen-fixing bacteroids. Here, we show that the Lotus japonicus Nod factor receptor 5 (NFR5) and Nod factor receptor
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) suspension cultures respond to yeast elicitors with a strong alkalinization of the culture medium, a transient synthesis of activated oxygen species, and typical late defence reactions such as phytoalexin accumulation and increased peroxidase activity. The alkalinization
In contrast to animal lectins, no evidence has indicated the occurrence of plant lectins, which recognize and bind "endogenous" receptors and accordingly are involved in recognition mechanisms within the organism itself. Here we show that the plant hormone jasmonic acid methyl ester (JAME) induces
Mixed-linkage (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan (MLG), an abundant cell wall polysaccharide in the Poaceae, has been detected in ascomycetes, algae, and seedless vascular plants, but not in eudicots. Although MLG has not been reported in bryophytes, a predicted glycosyltransferase from the moss Physcomitrella
A class V chitinase from Nicotiana tabacum (NtChiV) with amino acid sequence similar to that of Serratia marcescens chitinase B (SmChiB) was expressed in E. coli and purified to homogeneity. When N-acetylglucosamine oligosaccharides [(NAG)(n)] were hydrolyzed by the purified NtChiV, the second
It is not yet known whether dephosphorylation of proteins catalyzed by phosphatases occurs in the apoplastic space. In this study, we found that tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) purple acid phosphatase could dephosphorylate the phosphoryl residues of three apoplastic proteins, two of which were
Oligogalacturonides (OGs) released from the plant cell wall regulate several defense responses, as well as various aspects of plant growth and development. In these latter effects, OGs exhibit auxin-antagonist activity. To shed light on the mechanism by which OGs antagonise auxin, we analysed the
Although current demands for therapeutic mAbs are growing quickly, production methods to date, including in vitro mammalian tissue culture and transgenic animals, provide only limited quantities at high cost. Several tumor-associated antigens in tumor cells have been identified as targets for
Galactinol synthase (GolS) is a key enzyme in raffinose family oligosaccharide (RFO) biosynthesis. The finding that GolS accumulates in plants exposed to abiotic stresses indicates RFOs function in environmental adaptation. However, the evolutionary relationships and biological functions of GolS
Nodule formation induced by nitrogen-fixing rhizobia depends on bacterial nodulation factors (NFs), modified chitin oligosaccharides with a fatty acid moiety. Certain NFs can be cleaved and inactivated by plant chitinases. However, the most abundant NF of Sinorhizobium meliloti, an O-acetylated and