A composition can include: silene extract; and a carrier having the silene extract. The composition can include an active agent, such as a pharmaceutical or a nutraceutical. The composition can be in a form of a solid, paste, gel, gum, or combination thereof. The carrier can facilitate retention in the mouth, chewing, sucking, holding in the lip next to the gums, or other non-liquid format. A method can provide an alternative to an activity that reduces desire to perform the activity, the method can include: administering to a subject in need thereof the composition having silene. The method can include administering the composition in an effective amount to treat one or more of smoking dependence, tobacco withdrawal symptoms, and tobacco dependence in the subject, wherein the activity is smoking.

Jones; Michael Parker

Benns; Jonathan Michael

Jones; David Allan

silene latifolia/− nikotyna

Silene capensis for inhibiting cravings

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