Resistance exercise: a non-pharmacological strategy to minimize or reverse sleep deprivation-induced muscle atrophy.

Sleep is important for maintenance of skeletal muscle health. Sleep debt can induce muscle atrophy by increasing glucocorticoids and decreasing testosterone, growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I. These hormonal alterations result in a highly proteolytic environment characterized by decreased protein synthesis and increased degradation. Given that sleep deprivation is increasingly prevalent in modern society, strategies to minimize or reverse its adverse effects need to be investigated. Resistance exercise has been suggested as an intervention that would benefit the muscle health. The practice of this type of exercise can increase the concentration of testosterone, growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor I and stimulate the protein synthesis through a key signaling molecule, mammalian target of rapamycin. Thus, we hypothesized that resistance exercise is an important non-pharmacological strategy to counteract deleterious effects of sleep debt on skeletal muscle.