Peptides from extruded lupin (Lupinus albus L.) regulate inflammatory activity via the p38 MAPK signal transduction pathway in RAW 264.7 cells
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In this study, protein was extracted from extruded lupin and submitted to gastroduodenal digests to obtain lupin peptides, which were characterized using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). After that, IQDKEGIPPDQQR (IQD), the lupine peptide monomer characterized after UPLC-MS/MS, was screened out by macrophages inflammatory cytokines productions assay. RNA-sequencing analysis was performed to explore the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory activity associated with this peptide. The results indicated that lupin peptides effectively inhibited the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced overproduction of pro-inflammatory mediators. IQD inhibited the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) by 51.20%, 38.52%, 44.70%, and 40.43%, respectively. RNA-sequencing results showed that IQD inhibited the inflammatory response by regulating the gene expression of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and inhibiting downstream inflammatory cytokines. These bioactive peptides may be used to develop new ingredients for anti-inflammatory nutritional supplements.