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The aphid, Schizaphis graminum, contains a prokaryotic, obligately intracellular endosymbiont, Buchnera aphidicola, which is necessary for the survival of the host. A recent study of Bu. aphidicola 16S rRNA has indicated that it is a member of the gamma-3 subdivision of the eubacterial class,
Plant sap-feeding insects are widespread, having evolved to occupy diverse environmental niches despite exclusive feeding on an impoverished diet lacking in essential amino acids and vitamins. Success depends exquisitely on their symbiotic relationships with microbial symbionts housed within
Evolutionary studies suggest that 200-250 million years ago an aphid ancestor was infected with a free-living eubacterium. The latter became established within aphid cells. Host and endosymbiont (genus Buchnera) became interdependent and unable to survive without each other. The growth of Buchnera