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Acute dose-effects of scopolamine on false recognition.

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BACKGROUND Recently, there has been increased research interest in the phenomenon of false recognition, in which participants claim to recognize words that had not been presented during an initial study phase but that are associatively related to presented words. Acute administration of the

False negative results in routine analytical toxicology screening in the case of an acute scopolamine poisoning.

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Cholinergic mechanisms in startle and prepulse inhibition: effects of the false cholinergic precursor N-aminodeanol.

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We examined the effects of cholinergic deficiency on prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle. Rats treated with a choline-free diet that contained the false cholinergic precursor N-aminodeanol showed great deficit in PPI. This deficit does not appear to be secondary to an increase of

Intra- and inter-laboratory validation of a dipstick immunoassay for the detection of tropane alkaloids hyoscyamine and scopolamine in animal feed.

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Tropane alkaloids (TAs) are toxic secondary metabolites produced by plants of, inter alia, the genera Datura (thorn apple) and Atropa (deadly nightshade). The most relevant TAs are (-)-L-hyoscyamine and (-)-L-scopolamine, which act as antagonists of acetylcholine muscarinic receptors and can induce

Effects of diazepam, pentobarbital, scopolamine and the timing of saline injection on learned immobility in rats.

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The rat forced-swimming test (FST) is widely used for screening substances with a potential antidepressant effect. Rat immobility shown in the FST has been interpreted as "behavioral despair" and has been suggested as an animal model of human depression. In the following series of experiments, it is

Scopolamine provocation-based pharmacological MRI model for testing procognitive agents.

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There is a huge unmet need to understand and treat pathological cognitive impairment. The development of disease modifying cognitive enhancers is hindered by the lack of correct pathomechanism and suitable animal models. Most animal models to study cognition and pathology do not fulfil either the

Patterns of memory failure after scopolamine treatment: implications for cholinergic hypotheses of dementia.

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To test the idea that scopolamine provides a suitable pharmacological model of the memory defects associated with cortical or subcortical dementias, we assessed memory on a battery of tasks in healthy young normal subjects who received 0.5 mg scopolamine, 0.1-0.2 mg glycopyrrolate or physiological

An approach to evaluate the ability of rats to discriminate different levels of illumination in the plus maze test: effects of scopolamine.

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Previous research has shown that the visual system is important for rats to establish the arm preference in the elevated plus maze (EPM), an animal model of anxiety. This study aims at evaluating whether a gradient of illumination between the enclosed arms of the maze (E/E(DeltaLux)) could be a

Reconstituted mother tinctures of Gelsemium sempervirens L. improve memory and cognitive impairment in mice scopolamine-induced dementia model.

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BACKGROUND Gelsemium sempervirens (L.) J.St.-Hil is a herb used for the treatment of various neuroses in both homeopathic and Ayurvedic systems. The present study examines whether Gelsemium reconstituted tincture can protect against scopolamine induced cognitive discrepancies in amnesic mouse model.

Detection of visual signals by rats: effects of chlordiazepoxide and cholinergic and adrenergic drugs on sustained attention.

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Central cholinergic and adrenergic pathways support the attentional processes necessary for detecting and reporting temporally unpredictable stimuli. To assess the functional effects of pharmacological manipulations of these pathways, male Long-Evans rats performed a two-choice, discrete-trial

Classification of dementia patients by a WAIS profile related to central cholinergic deficiencies.

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Sixty-two patients were classified as having Alzheimer-type dementia (AD) or multi-infarct dementia (MID) on the basis of clinical criteria. Protocols from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) were scored according to a formula reported by Fuld to reflect the effects of scopolamine

The interactive effect of the cholinergic system and acute ovarian suppression on the brain: an fMRI study.

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Recent evidence suggests that loss of ovarian function following ovariectomy is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, the biological basis of this risk remains poorly understood. We carried out an fMRI study into the interaction between loss of ovarian function (after Gonadotropin

Intermittent stimulation in the nucleus basalis of meynert improves sustained attention in rhesus monkeys.

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Sustained attention is essential in important behaviors in daily life. Many neuropsychiatric disorders are characterized by a compromised ability to sustain attention, making this cognitive domain an important therapeutic target. In this study, we tested a novel method of improving sustained

Multidetector CT of the small bowel: evaluation after oral hyperhydration with isotonic solution.

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OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to assess the diagnostic capabilities of multidetector CT in the evaluation of the small bowel in different pathological conditions, with the use of oral hyperhydration with isotonic solution. METHODS The study retrospectively evaluated 106 patients who underwent

Toward modeling age-related changes of attentional abilities in rats: simple and choice reaction time tasks and vigilance.

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Fischer-344 rats aged 4, 12, or 18 months were trained in a simple or choice reaction time task (SRTT; CRTT). Animals were required to detect a brief (50 ms), rarely, and unpredictably occurring signal that was presented either at the central panel light (SRTT) or above one of the two levers (CRTT).

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