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Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is an autosomal recessive, neurodegenerative disease, characterized by progressive gait and limb ataxia, dysarthria, lower-limb areflexia, Babinski sign, loss of position and vibration senses, cardiomyopathy, and carbohydrate intolerance. It is the most common inherited
Polarographic assays of oxidative phosphorylation in muscle mitochondria indicated abnormal pyruvate-malate metabolism in Friedreich ataxia (FA). Pursuing this clue, more specific assays were performed. Mitochondrial malic enzyme (MEm; malate: NADP+ oxidoreductase) specific activity was 10% of
Biotechnological production of biofuels is restricted by toxicity of the products such as ethanol and butanol. As its low toxicity to microbes, 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD), a fuel and platform bio-chemical, could be a promising alternative for biofuel production from renewable bioresources. In addition,
In recent years, it has become increasingly clear that mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage are major contributors to neuronal loss. Free radicals, typically generated from mitochondrial respiration, cause oxidative damage of nucleic acids, lipids, carbohydrates and proteins. Despite