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Hemicellulose from Plant Biomass in Medical and Pharmaceutical Application: A Critical Review.

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Hemicellulose is the second most abundant plant polysaccharides after cellulose. Due to the non-toxicity, abundance and biodegradability, recently more and more attention has been focused on the exploration of hemicellulose as the potential substrate for the production of liquid fuels and other

Enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of corncob by ultrasound-assisted soaking in aqueous ammonia pretreatment.

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Ultrasound-assisted soaking in aqueous ammonia (USAA) pretreatment with 15 wt% aqueous ammonia under low temperature (~ 60 °C) and short-time (< 12 min) low-frequency (20 kHz, 60-650 W) ultrasound has been investigated for enhancement of enzymatic hydrolysis of corncob. Operational parameters of

[The significance of fiber for swine nutrition with special reference to HCl-treated straw meal].

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The term crude fibre according to the Weend analysis method is insufficient for the nutrition of pigs as it does not comprise pentosanes. During the cooking process they are hydrolysed with diluted acid and do not remain in the crude fibre fraction. As stomach HCl can also hydrolyse pentosane

Pleurotus ostreatus decreases cornstalk lignin content, potentially improving its suitability for animal feed.

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BACKGROUND The capacity of Pleurotus ostreatus to degrade lignin was investigated in the fermentation of cornstalk. Cornstalk was incubated with P. ostreatus for 30 days, and acid-soluble and acid-insoluble lignins were assessed. The microscopic structure of cornstalk samples was studied by scanning

Characterization of fungal-degraded lime wood by X-ray diffraction and cross-polarization magic-angle-spinning 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

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X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and solid-state cross-polarization magic-angle-spinning (CP/MAS) (13)C-NMR spectroscopy were applied to determine changes over time in the morphology and crystallinity of lime wood (Tilia cordata Miller) generated by the soft-rot fungi. Wood

Molecular determinants of substrate specificity in the feruloyl esterase module of xylanase 10B from Clostridium thermocellum.

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Feruloyl esterases play a key role in the degradation of the intricate structure of the plant cell wall by hydrolysing the ferulate ester groups involved in the cross-linking between hemicelluloses and between hemicellulose and lignin. The structure of the feruloyl esterase module of Clostridium

Chemical structure of the cell walls of dwarf maize and changes mediated by gibberellin.

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Dwarf maize (Zea mays L.), a mutant deficient in gibberellin synthesis, provides an excellent model to study the influence of gibberellin on biochemical processes related to plant development. Alterations in the chemical structure of the cell wall mediated by gibberellin were examined in seedlings

Utilization of protein in red clover and alfalfa silages by lactating dairy cows and growing lambs.

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Feeding trials were conducted with lactating cows and growing lambs to quantify effects of replacing dietary alfalfa silage (AS) with red clover silage (RCS) on nutrient utilization. The lactation trial had a 2 × 4 arrangement of treatments: AS or RCS fed with no supplement, rumen-protected Met

Luminescent and Hydrophobic Wood Films as Optical Lighting Materials

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Most materials used for optical lighting applications need to produce a uniform illumination and require high mechanical and hydrophobic properties. However, they are rarely eco-friendly. Herein, a bio-based, polymer matrix-free, luminescent, and hydrophobic film with excellent mechanical properties

The spiral fold of the caecum in the ostrich (Struthio camelus).

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The caecum of the ostrich was observed to contain a fold that spiralled approximately 30 times, transforming the lumen into a long, spiral-shaped cavity. The fold consisted of mucosa, muscularis mucosa and submucosa. The proximal part of the fold also contained a central core of muscle originating

A multi-analytical study of degradation of lignin in archaeological waterlogged wood.

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Historical or archaeological wooden objects are generally better conserved in wet environments than in other contexts. Nevertheless, anaerobic erosion bacteria can slowly degrade waterlogged wood, causing a loss of cellulose and hemicellulose and leading to the formation of water-filled cavities.

Synchrotron Time-Lapse Imaging of Lignocellulosic Biomass Hydrolysis: Tracking Enzyme Localization by Protein Autofluorescence and Biochemical Modification of Cell Walls by Microfluidic Infrared Microspectroscopy.

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Tracking enzyme localization and following the local biochemical modification of the substrate should help explain the recalcitrance of lignocellulosic plant cell walls to enzymatic degradation. Time-lapse studies using conventional imaging require enzyme labeling and following the biochemical

Overexpression of sinapine esterase BnSCE3 in oilseed rape seeds triggers global changes in seed metabolism.

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Sinapine (O-sinapoylcholine) is the predominant phenolic compound in a complex group of sinapate esters in seeds of oilseed rape (Brassica napus). Sinapine has antinutritive activity and prevents the use of seed protein for food and feed. A strategy was developed to lower its content in seeds by

Characterization of FcXTH2, a Novel Xyloglucan Endotransglycosylase/Hydrolase Enzyme of Chilean Strawberry with Hydrolase Activity.

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Xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolases (XTHs) are cell wall enzymes with hydrolase (XEH) and/or endotransglycosylase (XET) activities. As they are involved in the modification of the xyloglucans, a type of hemicellulose present in the cell wall, they are believed to be very important in

Health benefits of xylitol

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Many diseases, including caries, chronic inflammatory diseases, diabetes, and obesity, are associated with uncontrolled sugar consumption. Artificial sweeteners are commonly used in food and pharmaceutical industries as sugar substitutes for the prevention of several dental and body diseases; they

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