A single meal containing 400 gm of garified non-biofortified (white) cassava with retinyl palmitate reference dose.

A single meal containing 400 gm of garified non-biofortified (white) cassava with red palm oil.

A single meal containing 400 gm of garified biofortified cassava.

Vitamin A Deficiency

Cassava, bred to contain high amounts of vitamin A-forming carotenoids (primarily beta-carotene and its cis-derivatives).

Biofortified cassava gari

Non-biofortified (white) cassava and a retinyl palmitate reference dose.

White cassava gari

Non-biofortified (white) cassava gari containing red palm oil.

White cassava gari + red palm oil

USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutrition Research Center

Beta-carotene Absorption and Bioconversion to Vitamin A From Biofortified Cassava Gari

Beta-carotene Absorption and Bioconversion to Vitamin A in a Biofortified Cassava Gari Meal and a White Cassava Gari Meal With Added Red Palm Oil

Vitamin A is measured by standard methods involving ultracentrifugation (to concentrate the TRL fraction) followed by reversed-phase high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) using electrochemical detection.

Carotenoids will be measured by standard methods involving ultracentrifugation (to concentrate the TRL fraction) followed by reversed-phase HPLC using electrochemical detection.

USDA, Western Human Nutrition Research Center

HarvestPlus

Single meal containing bio-fortified, high carotenoid cassava without oil.

Single meal containing bio-fortified, high carotenoid cassava with oil.

Single meal containing low carotenoid cassava with oil and retinyl palmitate.

300 g of porridge (11 ounces) containing 100 g drained mashed cassava and approximately 1 mg beta-carotene.

Beta-Carotene bio-fortified cassava porridge without oil

300g porridge (11 ounces) containing 100 g drained mashed cassava, 15 g peanut oil, and approximately 1 mg beta-carotene.

Beta-Carotene bio-fortified cassava porridge with oil

300 g porridge containing 15 mL peanut oil, 100 g drained mashed cassava, and a tracer of approximately .3 mg pure food-grade retinyl palmitate.

White cassava porridge with retinyl palmitate reference dose

Western Human Nutrition Center, University of California Davis

Vitamin A Absorption From Cassava in Women

Vitamin A Equivalence of Carotenoids From Cassava in Women

Vitamin A and other carotenoids will be measured in triacylglycerol rich lipoprotein fractions at 0, 60, 150, 240, 330, 420, 510, 600, and 1440 minutes after consumption of cassava containing meal.

manihot esculenta/triacylglycerol

Beta-carotene Absorption and Bioconversion to Vitamin A From Biofortified Cassava Gari

Vitamin A Absorption From Cassava in Women

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