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The cortical somatotopic map and phantom phenomena in subjects with congenital limb atrophy and traumatic amputees with phantom limb pain.

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The extent of the cortical somatotopic map and its relationship to phantom phenomena was tested in five subjects with congenital absence of an upper limb, four traumatic amputees with phantom limb pain and five healthy controls. Cortical maps of the first and fifth digit of the intact hand, the

Optimal treatment of phantom limb pain in the elderly.

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Phantom limb and stump pain is a common sequela of amputation. In geriatric patients with an amputated limb and multiple other illnesses, drug therapy may be problematic and invasive techniques may be risky. Interactions between pathophysiological mechanisms in the peripheral and central nervous

Phantom pain is associated with preserved structure and function in the former hand area.

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Phantom pain after arm amputation is widely believed to arise from maladaptive cortical reorganization, triggered by loss of sensory input. We instead propose that chronic phantom pain experience drives plasticity by maintaining local cortical representations and disrupting inter-regional

Factors Affecting Volume Changes of the Somatosensory Cortex in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury: To Be Considered for Future Neuroprosthetic Design.

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Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to severe chronic disability, but also to secondary adaptive changes upstream to the injury in the brain which are most likely induced due to the lack of afferent information. These neuroplastic changes are a potential target for innovative therapies such as

Alterations in Brain Structural Connectivity after Unilateral Upper-limb Amputation.

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Previous studies have indicated that amputation induces reorganization of functional brain network. However, the influence of amputation on structural brain network remains unclear. In this study, using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), we aimed to investigate the alterations in fractional anisotropy

Early withdrawal of axons from higher centers in response to peripheral somatosensory denervation.

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The mechanisms responsible for long-term, massive reorganization of representational maps in primate somatosensory cortex after deafferentation are poorly understood. Sprouting of cortical axons cannot account for the extent of reorganization, and withdrawal of axons of deafferented brainstem and

Persistent pain following trauma.

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Persistent pain following trauma can lead to long-term disability. This article reviews the pain syndromes most commonly seen following trauma. These include myofascial pain, sympathetically maintained pain, and phantom pain syndromes. Early diagnosis and treatment is emphasized in order to minimize

Hallucinations.

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Hallucinations, sensory perceptions without environmental stimuli, occur as simple experiences of auditory, gustatory, olfactory, tactile, or visual phenomena as well as mixed- or complex experiences of more than one simple phenomenon. The nature of the hallucination assists localization,

A cost-effective, adjustable, femoral socket, temporary prosthesis for immediate rehabilitation of above-knee amputation.

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Early ambulation after lower extremity amputation has profound benefits on the functional, psychological outcomes and enhanced prosthetic compliance among this clientele. The various potential risks of immobility--pain, oedema, muscle atrophy, phantom sensations, contractures, aerobic

Chronic low back pain in traumatic lower limb amputees.

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OBJECTIVE To ascertain the prevalence of back pain amongst traumatic lower limb amputees attending a regional rehabilitation centre and to determine the possible causes of back pain. METHODS All traumatic lower limb amputees given a semi-structured questionnaire to complete and a comparative

[Virtual dystonia due to posterior ventrolateral thalamic infarct: case report].

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Behaviors, actions and movements may take place as purely mental events, as in the obsessions of obsessive-compulsive disorder, phantom limbs or sensory tics. In the present paper we report on the case of a 43-year-old diabetic hypertensive man who developed an incomplete form of the Dejerine-Roussy

Ave Maria and Visions of Children: Atypical Charles Bonnet Syndrome or Two Coexisting Deafferentation Phenomena?

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Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS) refers to the experience of visual hallucinations in the context of visual impairment. The underlying pathology may be localized anywhere along the visual pathway from the eye itself to visual cortical centers. It is sometimes compared to phantom limb syndrome; both

"Playthings of the Brain": Phantom Visions in Charles Bonnet Syndrome.

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Charles Bonnet Syndrome (CBS) is a condition of the visually impaired, in which hallucinations - or, more appropriately, visions - of geometric patterns, people, and objects appear within the visual field. Most people with CBS are older adults, a function of increased likelihood of visual

Quality of life after amputation in patients with advanced complex regional pain syndrome: a systematic review.

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The majority of included studies (8 out of 11, n = 54) supported the concept of considering amputation for selected, unresponsive cases of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) as a justifiable alternative to an unsuccessful multimodality nonoperative option.Of patients who underwent

Stimulus-Driven Cortical Hyperexcitability in Individuals with Charles Bonnet Hallucinations.

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Throughout the lifespan, the cerebral cortex adapts its structure and function in response to changing sensory input [1, 2]. Whilst such changes are typically adaptive, they can be maladaptive when they follow damage to the peripheral nervous system, including phantom limb pain and tinnitus [3, 4].

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