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Prevention mechanisms of glucose intolerance and obesity by cacao liquor procyanidin extract in high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6 mice.

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In this study, we investigated whether cacao liquor procyanidin (CLPr) extract, which consists of 4.3% catechin, 6.1% epicatechin, 39.4% procyanidins and others, ameliorated hyperglycemia and obesity in C57BL/6 mice fed a control or high-fat diet for 13 weeks. CLPr suppressed high-fat diet-induced

Non-absorbable apple procyanidins prevent obesity associated with gut microbial and metabolomic changes.

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Several studies have suggested that flavan-3-ols/procyanidins are associated with a reduced risk of developing obesity and metabolic syndrome. However, the role of highly polymeric procyanidins (PP), which are major non-absorbable flavonoids, in the biological effects, is not completely understood.

Procyanidins target mesenteric adipose tissue in Wistar lean rats and subcutaneous adipose tissue in Zucker obese rat.

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Visceral and subcutaneous adipose depots have different metabolic roles that may be involved in the development of obesity-related pathologies. Procyanidins have beneficial effects on insulin resistance, and they target adipose tissue. We analyse whether procyanidins exert different effects,

Oligomeric cocoa procyanidins possess enhanced bioactivity compared to monomeric and polymeric cocoa procyanidins for preventing the development of obesity, insulin resistance, and impaired glucose tolerance during high-fat feeding.

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There is interest in the potential of cocoa flavanols, including monomers and procyanidins, to prevent obesity and type-2 diabetes. Fermentation and processing of cocoa beans influence the qualitative and quantitative profiles of individual cocoa constituents. Little is known regarding how different

Extract Enriched in Flavan-3-ols and Mainly Procyanidin Dimers Improves Metabolic Alterations in a Mouse Model of Obesity-Related Disorders Partially via Estrogen Receptor Alpha.

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Red wine polyphenol extracts improve cardiovascular and metabolic disorders linked to obesity. Their vascular protection is mediated by the activation of the alpha isoform of the estrogen receptor (ERα). In the present study, we explored the effects of a grape seed extract (GSE) enriched in the

Modulatory effect of grape-seed procyanidins on local and systemic inflammation in diet-induced obesity rats.

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Chronic low-grade inflammation in obesity is characterized by macrophage accumulation in white adipose tissue (WAT) and abnormal cytokine production. We tested the hypothesis that grape-seed procyanidin extract (PE), with known anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, would improve local and

Antioxidant effects of a grapeseed procyanidin extract and oleoyl-estrone in obese Zucker rats.

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OBJECTIVE To substantiate the relation between obesity and oxidative stress and to assess the potential beneficial properties of a grapeseed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE), the amelioration of obesity with oleoyl-estrone (OE), and the possible combined effect of GSPE and OE on the hepatic and renal

Chardonnay grape seed procyanidin extract supplementation prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity in hamsters by improving adipokine imbalance and oxidative stress markers.

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Studies reported the effects of polyphenols but not for grape polyphenols towards obesity. We analysed the effects of a polyphenolic grape seed extract (GSE) on obesity and oxidative stress in hamsters receiving a high-fat diet (HFD). Three groups of hamsters received a standard diet (STD), or a HFD

Procyanidin B2 protects against diet-induced obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via the modulation of the gut microbiota in rabbits.

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Procyanidins have beneficial effects on metabolic syndrome and antimicrobial activity, but the mechanisms underlying these effects are unclear.To investigate the effects of procyanidin B2 (PB2) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and to explore the

Procyanidins improve some disrupted glucose homoeostatic situations: an analysis of doses and treatments according to different animal models.

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This review analyses the potential beneficial effects of procyanidins, the main class of flavonoids, in situations in which glucose homeostasis is disrupted. Because the disruption of glucose homeostasis can occur as a result of various causes, we critically review the effects of procyanidins based

Downregulated lipid metabolism in differentiated murine adipocytes by procyanidins from defatted grape seed meal.

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Recent reports have proposed possible anti-obesity mechanisms for antioxidants involving increased energy expenditure, pre-adipocyte differentiation and proliferation, decreased lipogenesis and increased lipolysis, and fat oxidation. The aim of this study was to examine and to confirm the

Grape Seed Procyanidin Extract Improves Insulin Production but Enhances Bax Protein Expression in Cafeteria-Treated Male Rats.

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In a previous study, the administration of a grape seed procyanidin extract (GSPE) in female Wistar rats improved insulin resistance, reduced insulin production, and modulated apoptosis biomarkers in the pancreas. Considering that pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters in females are

Procyanidins and their healthy protective effects against type 2 diabetes.

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This review focuses on the role of procyanidins, the main group of flavonoids, on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and insulin resistance. We compile the role of procyanidins on several animal models, and we evaluate their effects on target tissues and analyze the mechanisms involved. Procyanidin

Flavan-3-ol/Procyanidin Metabolomics in Rat Urine Using HPLC-Quadrupole TOF/MS.

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Several studies have demonstrated that flavan-3-ol/procyanidins are associated with biological functions in the prevention of various chronic diseases, including obesity and diabetes. Knowledge of their mechanisms, including bioavailability, has significantly progressed in the last decade. However,

Inhibition of Advanced Glycation Endproduct Formation by Lotus Seedpod Oligomeric Procyanidins through RAGE-MAPK Signaling and NF-κB Activation in High-Fat-Diet Rats.

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This study investigated the protective properties of lotus seedpod oligomeric procyanidins (LSOPC) against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its underlying mechanism. Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats were fed a basic diet, a high-fat diet (HFD), or HFD plus 0.2 or 0.5% (w/w) LSOPC for 12

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