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Hypothalamic dysfunction is a key factor in depression; increasing evidence highlights neuroinflammation abnormalities as well as imbalances in neurotransmitters and the purinergic system in the pathophysiology of depression. However, little is known about the metabolomic changes in the hypothalamus
Organomercury(II)-purine derivatives of the type, p-MeOC(6)H(4)HgL(1) (I), p-NO(2)C(6)H(4)HgCl(L(2))(II), p-MeC(6)H(4)HgCl(L(3))(III) and p-NO(2)C(6)H(4)HgCl(L(3))(IV) [ HL(1) = theophylline, L(2) = theobromine, L(3) = caffeine] have been synthesised and characterised on the basis of spectral
In order to study the anti-inflammatory activity of novel 6-substituted and 6,9-disubstituted purine derivatives, 20 compounds, L1-10 and W1-10, derived from purine and lacking a gold complex were designed, synthesized and their anti-inflammatory activity was screened. LPS-induced TNF-α, IL-1β,
The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome mediates caspase-1 activation and IL-1β processing and is implicated in autoinflammatory as well as other chronic inflammatory diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated that xanthine
Purine signaling pathway plays an important role in inflammation and tissue damage. To investigate the role of purine signaling pathway in acute alcoholic liver injury and chronic alcoholic liver fibrosis, we replicated two animal models and two cellular models. We found that body weights, liver
Purinergic signalling regulates airway defence mechanisms, suggesting that extracellular purines could serve as airway inflammation biomarkers in cystic fibrosis (CF). The purines adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and adenosine were measured in
Reduced folates have been shown to reconstitute the proper activity of "uncoupled" endothelial nitric oxide synthase in inflamed endothlelium. There is recent evidence that this phenomenon may reflect an ability of reduced folates to scavenge peroxynitrite - or, more likely, nitrogen dioxide and
The kynurenine metabolites of tryptophan may be involved in the regulation of neuronal activity and thus gut motility and secretion. We have now performed a pilot study to measure serum concentrations of purines and kynurenines in patients with mild inflammatory bowel disease, as well as in sex- and
BACKGROUND
In an effort to develop new analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents, we determined a series of 7-substituted purine-2,6-diones.
METHODS
The obtained compounds (1-6) were evaluated pharmacologically in four in vivo models: the writhing syndrome, the formalin tests, the carrageenan-induced
The present study was carried out to assess the participation of purines in the activation and modulation of inflammatory response of rats experimentally infected by Cryptococcus neoformans. Twenty four Wistar rats were divided into two groups of 12 animals each: Group A - uninfected control group
The anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of theacrine (1, 3, 7, 9-tetramethyluric acid), a purine alkaloid which is abundantly present in Camellia kucha, were investigated. Xylene-induced ear edema, acetic acid-induced vascular permeability and lambda-carrageenan-induced paw edema were used to
Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), a crucial enzyme in purine metabolism which converts ribonucleosides into purine bases, has mainly been found inside glial cells. Since we recently demonstrated that PNP is released from rat C6 glioma cells, we then wondered whether this occurs in normal brain
Six purine analogues bearing a nitrate ester group (potential NO donor) were tested on human THP-1 macrophages to investigate their effects on the inflammatory response. Only three analogues increased the basal level of IL-1β. Two analogues exacerbated the inflammatory response induced by ATP but
We analyzed the effects of a nanoencapsulated association of curcumin and vitamin D3 on purine metabolism enzymes in neutrophils, lymphocytes, and platelets in a model of adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) in rats. Following AIA induction, the animals were treated for 15 days with free and
The factors affecting gut activity in inflammatory bowel disease are unclear, but purines and kynurenines may be involved in the regulation of neuronal activity and therefore gut motility and secretion. We have measured the serum levels of these compounds in patients and in sex- and age-matched