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A violaxanthin de-epoxidase interacts with a viral suppressor of RNA silencing to inhibit virus amplification.

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RNA silencing plays a critical role against viral infection. To counteract this antiviral silencing, viruses have evolved various RNA silencing suppressors. Meanwhile, plants have evolved counter-counter defense strategies against RNA silencing suppression (RSS). In this study, the violaxanthin

Abscisic acid, xanthoxin and violaxanthin in the caps of gravistimulated maize roots.

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The occurrence and distribution of abscisic acid (ABA), xanthoxin (Xa) and the carotenoid violaxanthin (Va) were investigated in root tips of maize (Zea mays L. cv. Merit). In roots grown in the dark, Va and ABA were present in relatively high amounts in the root cap and in low amounts in the

Abscisic acid, xanthoxin and violaxanthin in the caps of gravistimulated maize roots.

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Artificially increased ascorbate content affects zeaxanthin formation but not thermal energy dissipation or degradation of antioxidants during cold-induced photooxidative stress in maize leaves.

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Infiltrating detached maize (Zea mays L.) leaves with L-galactono-1,4-lactone (L-GAL) resulted in a 4-fold increase in the content of leaf ascorbate. Upon exposure to high irradiance (1000 mumol photons m-2 s-1) at 5 degrees C, L-GAL leaves de-epoxidized the xanthophyll-cycle pigments faster than

Influence of ascorbate and the Mehler peroxidase reaction on non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence in maize mesophyll chloroplasts.

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Non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence (NPQ) and quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) were studied with intact mesophyll chloroplasts of maize (Zea mays L.) during the initial minutes of illumination using the pulse-modulated chlorophyll fluorescence technique. Non-photochemical

Xanthophyll content of selected vegetables commonly consumed in the Philippines and the effect of boiling.

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The purpose of this study was to quantify xanthophylls in selected vegetables commonly consumed in the Philippines and to investigate the effect of boiling on their availability. Thirteen vegetables were grouped into green-leafy and non-leafy. Results showed that fresh malunggay contains the highest

Xanthophyll epoxides, unlike beta-carotene monoepoxides, are not detectibly absorbed by humans.

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Increased intake of fruits and vegetables is associated with reduced risk of cancer and other chronic diseases. Epoxycarotenoids are widely distributed in nature and constitute major dietary carotenoids in a number of fruits and vegetables. Previous studies have shown that beta-carotene 5,6-epoxide

Abscisic acid biosynthesis in roots : I. The identification of potential abscisic acid precursors, and other carotenoids.

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The pathway of water-stress-induced abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis in etiolated and light-grown leaves has been elucidated (see A.D. Parry and R. Horgan, 1991, Physiol. Plant. 82, 320-326). Roots also have the ability to synthesise ABA in response to stress and it was therefore of interest to

ZmCCD10a encodes a distinct type of carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase and enhances plant tolerance to low phosphate

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Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (CCDs) drive carotenoid catabolism to produce various apocarotenoids and immediate derivatives with particular developmental, ecological, and agricultural importance. How CCD genes evolved with species diversification and the resulting functional novelties in cereal

Dynamics of chromophore binding to Lhc proteins in vivo and in vitro during operation of the xanthophyll cycle.

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Three plant xanthophylls are components of the xanthophyll cycle in which, upon exposure of leaves to high light, the enzyme violaxanthin de-epoxidase (VDE) transforms violaxanthin into zeaxanthin via the intermediate antheraxanthin. Previous work () showed that xanthophylls are bound to Lhc

The role of cis-carotenoids in abscisic acid biosynthesis.

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Evidence has been obtained which is consistent with 9'-cis-neoxanthin being a major precursor of abscisic acid (ABA) in higher plants. A mild, rapid procedure was developed for the extraction and analysis of carotenoids from a range of tissues. Once purified the carotenoids were identified from

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