Lower prevalence of non-cavity-distorting uterine fibroids in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome than in those with unexplained infertility.

To study whether there is a difference in the prevalence of non-cavity-distorting uterine fibroids between infertile patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and those with unexplained infertility (UI).A secondary analysis of data from three randomized clinical trials.Academic health centers.A total of 2,249 patients with normal uterine cavities.None.The presence or absence of non-cavity-distorting fibroids.Compared with women with UI, those with PCOS were younger, had a higher body mass index, and were more likely to be Hispanic or African American, with a lower percentage of previous conception and live birth, a higher percentage of current smokers, a lower percentage of current alcohol users, and higher total testosterone, fasting insulin, and homeostasis-model-assessment insulin resistance. The prevalence of women with non-cavity-distorting uterine fibroids was lower in women with PCOS than in those with UI (6.7% vs. 12.4%); this result held after patients were divided into Black and non-Black or into three different body mass index groups. After adjustment for all the other variables in the final model, patients with PCOS had a significantly lower prevalence of fibroids than those with UI (odds ratio 0.54). No differences in the prevalence of non-cavity-distorting fibroids with any dimensions ≥4 cm or the volume of the largest fibroid was found between the two groups.A lower prevalence of non-cavity-distorting uterine fibroids was found in infertile women with PCOS than in those with UI.