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High prevalence of tobacco use, alcohol use and overweight in a rural population in Tamil Nadu, India.

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BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of death in India. There is high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in urban Tamil Nadu. There are limited data on the prevalence of behavioral risk factors and overweight in rural Tamil Nadu. OBJECTIVE We estimated prevalence

Agricultural Inputs and Efficiency in Tanzania Small Scale Agriculture: A Comparative Analysis of Tobacco and Selected Food Crops.

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In this study an attempt is made to compare the efficiency in tobacco leaf production with three other cereals - maize, ground nut and rice - commonly grown by Tanzanian small scale farmers. The paper reviews the prevalence of tobacco use in Africa with that of the developed world; while there was a

Comparative reaction of popular high yielding spanish and virginia bunch groundnut varieties to Tobacco streak virus.

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Reaction of five spanish (JL 24, TMV 2, Kadiri 6, Kadiri 9 and Anantha) and a virginia (Kadiri 7 Bold) groundnut cultivars was studied against Tobacco streak virus (TSV) by sap inoculation using different age group of plants [7-84 days after sowing (DAS)]. Among different cultivars, incubation

Broad resistance to tospoviruses in transgenic tobacco plants expressing three tospoviral nucleoprotein gene sequences.

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Transgenic tobacco plants have been obtained expressing nucleoprotein (N) gene sequences of three different tospoviruses known to affect vegetable crops: tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), tomato chlorotic spot virus (TCSV), and groundnut ringspot virus (GRSV). The chimeric plant transformation

Expression of a stilbene synthase gene in Nicotiana tabacum results in synthesis of the phytoalexin resveratrol.

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A gene from groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) coding for stilbene synthase was transferred together with a chimaeric kanamycin resistance gene. It was found to be rapidly expressed after induction with UV light and elicitor in tobacco cells (Nicotiana tabacum). Comparative studies of stilbene synthase

Occurrence of Tobacco streak virus on Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) in India.

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A virus disease of peanut (groundnut, Arachis hypogaea L.), characterized by necrosis of the stem and terminal leaflets followed by death, caused severe crop losses in Andhra Pradesh, India during the rainy season of the year 2000. The disease was referred to as peanut stem necrosis disease (PSND).

First Report of Tobacco streak virus Infecting Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) in India.

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Pigeon pea is an important pulse crop grown in diversified cropping systems in India. In the rainy season of August 2011 and September 2012, pigeon pea cv. LRG 30 plants with leaf necrosis having wrinkled margin on one side were observed in Kadiri mandal of the Anantapuram district of Andhra Pradesh

Effect of virus infection on symplastic transport of fluorescent tracers in Nicotiana clevelandii leaf epidermis.

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The molecular weight exclusion limit of plasmodesmata in subveinal epidermal cells of Nicotiana clevelandii (Gray) leaves was estimated by microinjection and fluorescence microscopy using fluorescein isothiocyanate-peptide conjugates, carboxyfluorescein and Lucifer Yellow CH. The largest

Constitutive expression of interferon-induced human MxA protein in transgenic tobacco plants does not confer resistance to a variety of RNA viruses.

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MxA is a key component in the interferon-induced antiviral defense in humans. After viral infections, MxA is rapidly induced and accumulates in the cytoplasm. The multiplication of many RNA viruses, including all bunyaviruses tested so far, is inhibited by MxA. These findings prompted us to express

First Report of Tobacco streak virus Infecting Guizotia abyssinica from India.

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Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass. (niger), an important oil seed crop grown in India, is used in foods, paints, soaps, and as an illuminant. During a survey conducted in 2004 to monitor Tobacco streak virus (TSV) in Helianthus annuus L. (sunflower) and Arachis hypogaea L. (groundnut), typical

Sources of Resistance to Tobacco streak virus in Wild Arachis (Fabaceae: Papilionoidae) Germplasm.

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Stem necrosis disease caused by Tobacco streak virus (TSV), first recognized in 2000, has emerged as a potential threat to peanut (Arachis hypogaea) in southern states of India. The virus induces severe necrosis of shoots leading to death of the plant, and plants that survive are malformed, with

Complete genome sequence and phylogenetic relationships of tobacco streak virus causing groundnut stem necrosis disease in India.

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Tobacco streak virus (TSV, genus Ilarvirus family Bromoviridae) is known to cause stem necrosis disease (SND) in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) since 2000 in Southern India. The TSV isolate infecting groundnut so far has not been characterized based on the complete genome

New Experimental Hosts of Tobacco streak virus and Absence of True Seed Transmission in Leguminous Hosts.

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Of 70 plant species tested, 50 species were susceptible to Tobacco streak virus (TSV) on sap inoculation. Both localized (necrotic and chlorotic spots) and systemic (necrotic spots, axillary shoot proliferation, stunting, total necrosis and wilt) symptoms are observed by majority of plant species.

Resistance to tospoviruses in Nicotiana benthamiana transformed with the N gene of tomato spotted wilt virus: correlation between transgene expression and protection in primary transformants.

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Nicotiana benthamiana was transformed with the nucleoprotein (N) gene of an Italian isolate of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). Forty-five T1 primary transformant lines were analyzed for the expression of N protein and for resistance to TSWV and three other tospoviruses: impatiens necrotic spot

Functional characterization of three water deficit stress-induced genes in tobacco and Arabidopsis: an approach based on gene down regulation.

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Functional characterization of water deficit stress responsive genes is important to understand their role in stress tolerance. RNAi-based silencing of gene of interest and studying the stress response of knockdown plants under stress can be one of the potential options for assessing functional

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