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The Role of Hyaluronidase for the Skin Necrosis Caused by Hyaluronic Acid Injection-Induced Embolism: A Rabbit Auricular Model Study.

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Skin necrosis is considered the most serious complication of hyaluronic acid dermal filler injection procedures. To effectively treat skin necrosis, hyaluronidase injection is one of the essential preventative treatments, and yet optimal complication management remains an unmet need.

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha enhances neutrophil adhesiveness: induction of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 via activation of Akt and CaM kinase II and modifications of histone acetyltransferase and histone deacetylase 4 in human tracheal smooth muscle cells.

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Up-regulation of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) involves adhesions between both circulating and resident leukocytes and the human tracheal smooth muscle cells (HTSMCs) during airway inflammatory reaction. We have demonstrated previously that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-induced

A comparison of apoptosis and necrosis induced by hepatotoxins in HepG2 cells.

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7H-Dibenzo[c,g]carbazole (DBC), an N-heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, is cytotoxic and carcinogenic in rodent liver. While DBC leads to necrotic lesions in the liver, the induction of apoptosis by DBC has not been investigated. The focus of this study was to determine the degree to which apoptosis

Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis Induction of Coumarins and Carbazole Alkaloids from Clausena Harmandiana.

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Seven compounds, carbazole alkaloids (heptaphylline, 7-methoxyheptaphylline, 7-methoxymukonal) and coumarins (clausarin, dentatin, nordentatin, and xanthoxyletin), were isolated from the root bark of Clausena harmandiana. Antioxidation, cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction were evaluated in

The anti-inflammatory carbazole, LCY-2-CHO, inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory mediator expression through inhibition of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway in macrophages.

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1. The present study was undertaken to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of a synthetic compound, LCY-2-CHO, on the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), COX-2, and TNF-alpha in murine RAW264.7 macrophages. 2. Within 1-30 microm, LCY-2-CHO concentration-dependently inhibited

A novel mitochondria-targeted two-photon fluorescent probe for dynamic and reversible detection of the redox cycles between peroxynitrite and glutathione.

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Redox homeostasis is important for maintenance of normal physiological functions within cells. Redox state of cells is primarily a consequence of precise balance between levels of reducing equivalents and reactive oxygen species. Redox homeostasis between peroxynitrite (ONOO-) and glutathione (GSH)

Consequences of AhR activation in steady-state dendritic cells.

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2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is the prototypical aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligand and a potent immunotoxicant. However, the mechanisms underlying TCDD-induced immunomodulation remain to be defined. Dendritic cells are professional antigen-presenting cells that constitutively

Bioactive constituents of Clausena lansium and a method for discrimination of aldose enantiomers.

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Glycosides, clausenosides A and B, and carbazole alkaloids, clausenaline A, claulamine A, and claulamine B, together with 50 known compounds, were isolated from the stems of Clausena lansium. Their structures were determined by means of spectroscopic methods, including that of CD and 1D/2D NMR

Carvedilol: an effective antihypertensive drug with antiischemic/antioxidant cardioprotective properties.

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Carvedilol is a multiple-action drug with alpha(1)- and beta-adrenergic receptor antagonistic, calcium channel blocker and antioxidant activities especially useful in the treatment of hypertension. The antioxidant activity of the drug depends on the carbazole moiety, which is unique to carvedilol

Systemic toxicity from subchronic dermal exposure, chemical characterization, and dermal penetration of catalytically cracked clarified slurry oil.

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Clarified slurry oil (CSO), the heavy residual fraction from the fluidized catalytic cracker, was applied to the shaven backs of groups of 10 male and 10 female Sprague-Dawley rats 5 days/week for 13 weeks at doses of 8, 30, 125, or 500 mg/kg/day, and to another group for 2 weeks at doses of 2000

Anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities of girinimbine isolated from Murraya koenigii.

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Therapy that directly targets apoptosis and/or inflammation could be highly effective for the treatment of cancer. Murraya koenigii is an edible herb that has been traditionally used for cancer treatment as well as inflammation. Here, we describe that girinimbine, a carbazole alkaloid isolated from

Inhibitory effect of oxycoumarins isolated from the Thai medicinal plant Clausena guillauminii on the inflammation mediators, iNOS, TNF-alpha, and COX-2 expression in mouse macrophage RAW 264.7.

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In the present study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of the known oxycoumarins poncitrin (3), osthol (4), and xanthoxyletin (5), newly isolated from Clausena guillauminii (Rutaceae), together with the known carbazoles heptaphylline (1) and 7-methoxyheptaphylline (2) on inducible-nitric oxide

Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor affects activation and function of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells.

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Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is well known for mediating the toxic effects of dioxin-containing pollutants, but has also been shown to be involved in the natural regulation of the immune response. In this study, we investigated the effect of AhR activation by its endogenous ligands

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor mediates both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide-activated microglia.

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The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) regulates peripheral immunity; but its role in microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in the brain remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that AhR mediates both anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated microglia. Activation

Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activation Modulates Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Function by Maintaining Tight Junction Integrity.

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Activation of Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is involved in the control of intestinal mucosal homeostasis. Intestinal barrier dysfunction contributes to the development of many intestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of AhR

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