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Regulation of Starch Synthesis in the Bundle Sheath and Mesophyll of Zea mays L. : Intercellular Compartmentalization of Enzymes of Starch Metabolism and the Properties of the ADPglucose Pyrophosphorylases.

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The intercellular localization of enzymes involved in starch metabolism and the kinetic properties of ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase were studied in mesophyll protoplasts and bundle sheath strands separated by cellulase digestion of Zea mays L. leaves. Activities of starch synthase, branching enzyme,

Enzymatic digestibility and ethanol fermentability of AFEX-treated starch-rich lignocellulosics such as corn silage and whole corn plant.

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BACKGROUND Corn grain is an important renewable source for bioethanol production in the USA. Corn ethanol is currently produced by steam liquefaction of starch-rich grains followed by enzymatic saccharification and fermentation. Corn stover (the non-grain parts of the plant) is a potential feedstock

Induction of Enzymes Associated with Lysigenous Aerenchyma Formation in Roots of Zea mays during Hypoxia or Nitrogen Starvation.

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Either hypoxia, which stimulates ethylene biosynthesis, or temporary N starvation, which depresses ethylene production, leads to formation of aerenchyma in maize (Zea mays L.) adventitious roots by extensive lysis of cortical cells. We studied the activity of enzymes closely involved in either

Filament-specific expression of a cellulase gene in the dimorphic fungus Ustilago maydis.

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The phytopathogenic fungus Ustilago maydis exists in a yeast-like haploid form and as a filamentous dikaryon. Only the dikaryon can infect corn plants. We have isolated a gene, egl1, that is not expressed in haploid cells but strongly induced in the filament. Molecular and biochemical analyses

Effect of cellulases on spontaneous fusion of maize protoplasts.

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The effect of protoplast-isolating enzymes on spontaneous fusion of maize protoplasts (Zea mays L. cv. Black Mexican Sweet) was investigated using a convenient ethidium bromide nuclear staining procedure. After 2-2.5 hour digestion in an enzyme solution containing 1% Cellulysin, 0.5% Rhozyme, and

Subcellular targeting is a key condition for high-level accumulation of cellulase protein in transgenic maize seed.

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Ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass is being pursued as an alternative to petroleum-based transportation fuels. To succeed in this endeavour, efficient digestion of cellulose into monomeric sugar streams is a key step. Current production systems for cellulase enzymes, i.e. fungi and bacteria,

Fungi Isolated from Maize (Zea mays L.) Grains and Production of Associated Enzyme Activities.

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Filamentous fungi produce a great variety of enzymes, and research on their biotechnological potential has recently intensified. The objective of this work was to identify, at the species level, using DNA barcoding, 46 fungal isolates obtained from maize grains with rot symptoms. We also analyzed

Induction of lytic enzymes by the interaction of Ustilago maydis with Zea mays tissues.

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The nonpathogenic (FB-2) and pathogenic (FB-D12) strains of Ustilago maydis were grown in medium supplemented with different carbon sources including monosaccharides, polysaccharides, and plant tissues. Both strains were able to grow on all substrates, with doubling times varying from 2 to 25 h

Mixed submerged fermentation with two filamentous fungi for cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzyme production.

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The efficient saccharification of lignocellulosic materials requires the cooperative actions of different cellulase enzyme activities: exoglucanase, endoglucanase, beta-glucosidase, and xylanase. Previous studies with the fungi strains Aureobasidium sp. CHTE-18, Penicillium sp. CH-TE-001, and

Corn fiber: structure, composition, and response to enzymes for fermentable sugars and coproducts.

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Corn (Zea mays L.) fiber, which is the seed coat and residual endosperm left after grain processing, is a low-value residue that contains carbohydrates and aromatic compounds that could provide value-added coproducts. Treatment of corn fiber with NaOH and assessment by gas chromatography indicated a

Glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase isoforms in maize leaves: localization, relative proportion and their role in ammonium assimilation or nitrogen transport.

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Mesophyll cells (MCs) and bundle-sheath cells (BSCs) of leaves of the C4 plant maize (Zea mays L.) were separated by cellulase digestion to determine the relative proportion of the glutamine synthetase (GS; EC 6.3.1.2) or the NADH-glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH; EC 1.4.1.2) isoforms in each cell type.

The lysosome-concept in plants : II. Location of acid hydrolases in maize root tips.

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The sedimentability of eight acid hydrolases in an homogenate from root tips of Zea mays (L.) varied between 13% (α-glucosidase) and 46% (β-N-acetylglucosaminidase) of the total activity. Between 20% and 30% of total activity of the majority of acid hydrolases examined was sedimentable.High specific

Lateral diffusion in the plasma membrane of maize protoplasts with implications for cell culture.

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Plasma-membrane dynamics in live protoplasts from maize (Zea mays L.) roots were characterized and examined for relationships as to the ability of the protoplasts to synthesize new cell walls and develop to cells capable of division. The lateral diffusion-coefficients and mobile fractions of

Cellulolytic potential of probiotic Bacillus Subtilis AMS6 isolated from traditional fermented soybean (Churpi): An in-vitro study with regards to application as an animal feed additive.

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The aim of the present study is to evaluate the probiotic attributes of Bacillus subtilis AMS6 isolated from fermented soybean (Churpi). This isolate exhibited tolerance to low pH (pH 2.0) and bile salt (0.3%), capability to autoaggregate and coaggregate. AMS6 also showed highest antibacterial

Impact of epiphytic and endogenous enzyme activities of senescent maize leaves and roots on the soil biodegradation process.

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This study was focused on investigating the role of the initial residue community, i.e. microorganisms and enzymes from the epiphytic and endophytic compartments, in soil decomposition processes. Aerial and underground parts (leaves and roots) of maize (Zea mays L.) plants were γ-irradiated,

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