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Patterning of virus-infected Glycine max seed coat is associated with suppression of endogenous silencing of chalcone synthase genes.

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Most commercial Glycine max (soybean) varieties have yellow seeds because of loss of pigmentation in the seed coat. It has been suggested that inhibition of seed coat pigmentation in yellow G. max may be controlled by homology-dependent silencing of chalcone synthase (CHS) genes. Our analysis of CHS

Endogenous, tissue-specific short interfering RNAs silence the chalcone synthase gene family in glycine max seed coats.

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Two dominant alleles of the I locus in Glycine max silence nine chalcone synthase (CHS) genes to inhibit function of the flavonoid pathway in the seed coat. We describe here the intricacies of this naturally occurring silencing mechanism based on results from small RNA gel blots and high-throughput

Tissue-specific gene silencing mediated by a naturally occurring chalcone synthase gene cluster in Glycine max.

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Chalcone synthase, a key regulatory enzyme in the flavonoid pathway, constitutes an eight-member gene family in Glycine max (soybean). Three of the chalcone synthase (CHS) gene family members are arranged as inverted repeats in a 10-kb region, corresponding to the I locus (inhibitor). Spontaneous

The transition from primary siRNAs to amplified secondary siRNAs that regulate chalcone synthase during development of Glycine max seed coats.

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The I locus is a 27-kb inverted repeat cluster of chalcone synthase genes CHS1-3-4 that mediates siRNA down-regulation of CHS7 and CHS8 target mRNAs during seed development leading to yellow seed coats lacking anthocyanin pigments. Here, we report small RNA sequencing of ten stages of seed

Genome-wide identification and localization of chalcone synthase family in soybean (Glycine max [L]Merr).

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Soybean is a paleopolyploid that has undergone two whole genome duplication events. Gene duplication is a type of genomic change that can lead to novel functions of pre-existing genes. Chalcone synthase (CHS) is the plant-specific type III polyketide synthase that catalyzes the first

Rapid induction of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and chalcone synthase mRNAs during fungus infection of soybean (Glycine max L.) roots or elicitor treatment of soybean cell cultures at the onset of phytoalexin synthesis.

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The differential regulation of the activities and amounts of mRNAs for two enzymes involved in isoflavonoid phytoalexin biosynthesis in soybean was studied during the early stages after inoculation of primary roots with zoospores from either race 1 (incompatible, host resistant) or race 3

Nucleotide sequence and putative regulatory elements of a nodule-development-specific member of the soybean (Glycine max) chalcone synthase multigene family, Gmchs 7.

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Nucleotide sequence and putative regulatory elements of gene 2 of the soybean (Glycine max) chalcone synthase multigene family.

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Differential regulation of soybean chalcone synthase genes in plant defence, symbiosis and upon environmental stimuli.

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Four independent recombinant lambda clones hybridizing to parsley chalcone synthase (CHS) cDNA were isolated from a soybean (Glycine max) genomic library. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis indicated that the CHS gene family comprises six members. The CHS genes were found to be

A CACGTG motif of the Antirrhinum majus chalcone synthase promoter is recognized by an evolutionarily conserved nuclear protein.

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In the chalcone synthase gene of Antirrhinum majus (snapdragon), 150 base pairs of the 5' flanking region contain cis-acting signals for UV light-induced expression. A nuclear factor, designated CG-1, specifically recognizes a hexameric motif with internal dyad symmetry, CACGTG, located within this

Organization of soybean chalcone synthase gene clusters and characterization of a new member of the family.

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Chalcone synthase (CHS; EC 2.3.1.74), the first committed enzyme of the multibranched pathway of flavonoid/isoflavonoid biosynthesis is encoded by a multigene family in soybean, (Glycine max L. Merrill). Our results suggest that this gene family comprises at least seven members, some of which are

Increase of chalcone synthase mRNA in pathogen-inoculated soybeans with race-specific resistance is different in leaves and roots.

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Soybeans (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) respond to pathogens by producing isoflavonoid-derived phytoalexins. Chalcone synthase (CHS) is the first enzyme of the flavonoid/isoflavonoid biosynthetic pathway. We investigated changes in the steady state levels of CHS mRNA and other specific mRNAs at increasing

Elicitor-induced phytoalexin synthesis in soybean cells: changes in the activity of chalcone synthase mRNA and the total population of translatable mRNA.

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Rapid changes in the mRNA activity encoding chalcone synthase, a central enzyme involved in isoflavonoid phytoalexin synthesis, were induced in cultured cells of soybean (Glycine max) after treatment with a glucan elicitor from the cell walls of the fungus, Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. glycinea, a

Phytoalexin synthesis in soybean cells: elicitor induction of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and chalcone synthase mRNAs and correlation with phytoalexin accumulation.

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A glucan elicitor from cell walls of the fungus Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. glycinea, a pathogen of soybean (Glycine max), induced large and rapid increases in the activities of enzymes of general phenylpropanoid metabolism, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, and of the flavonoid pathway, acetyl-CoA

Mutations in Argonaute5 Illuminate Epistatic Interactions of the K1 and I Loci Leading to Saddle Seed Color Patterns in Glycine max.

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The soybean (Glycine max) seed coat has distinctive, genetically programmed patterns of pigmentation, and the recessive k1 mutation can epistatically overcome the dominant I and ii alleles, which inhibit seed color by producing small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting chalcone synthase (CHS) mRNAs.

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