cotinine/atrofiere

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Tobacco-induced neuronal degeneration via cotinine in rats subjected to experimental spinal cord injury.

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OBJECTIVE Cigarette smoke contains over 4000 chemicals including well-characterized toxicants and carcinogens, among which is cotinine. Cotinine is the principal metabolite of nicotine that has adverse affects on the microcirculation via vasoconstriction, hypoxia and the wound-healing cascade. Its

Nicotine, but not cotinine, partially protects dopaminergic neurons against MPTP-induced degeneration in mice.

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In order to analyze the putative neuroprotective role of nicotine and cotinine in parkinsonian syndromes, these two compounds were administered in male C57Bl6 mice for 4 weeks. On day 8, four injections of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6,-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) were administered. MPTP intoxication

Bone biomechanical property deterioration due to tobacco smoke exposure.

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Tobacco smoking has been implicated in the development of osteoporosis and early onset of menopause in women smokers. We measured various biomechanical properties of femurs and tibiae obtained from smoke-exposed and control mice to determine cigarette smoke influences on bone mass, structure, and

Disruption of retinal pigment epithelial cell properties under the exposure of cotinine.

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Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for age-related macular degeneration (AMD), in which progressive retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell degeneration is a major pathological change. Nicotine is a major biologically active component in cigarette smoke. It is continuously catabolized into

Influence of nicotine and cotinine on retinal phospholipase A2 and its significance to macular function.

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The macula is a constituent of the sensory retina that is necessary for sharp contrast and color vision. A significant relationship has been found between tobacco smoking and age-related macular degeneration. Opsin, rhodopsin and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) are located in excitable membranes of retina

Smoking deception and age-related macular degeneration.

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OBJECTIVE Smoking has been identified as a major modifiable risk factor for age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Smoking deception or failing to self-report as a smoker is a recognized concern among studies of smoking-related disease. To date, no studies have evaluated the rates of smoking

Neuroinflammation: A Therapeutic Target of Cotinine for the Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders?

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Neuroinflammation is a common characteristic of several mental health conditions such as major depression, bipolar disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and schizophrenia (SCHZ). Inflammatory processes trigger and/or further deteriorate mental functions and are regarded as targets for

Sensitivity and specificity of saliva thiocyanate and cotinine for cigarette smoking: a comparison of two collection methods.

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Saliva samples returned by mail were compared to duplicates returned by interviewers in terms of the sensitivity and specificity of cotinine and thiocyanate analyses performed on those samples to detect tobacco use. Compared to the samples returned by interviewers, those returned through the mail

Cigarette smoking, salivary/gingival crevicular fluid cotinine and periodontal status. A 10-year longitudinal study.

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OBJECTIVE The primary purpose of this study was to determine the association of salivary and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) cotinine levels with periodontal disease status in smokers and non-smokers. METHODS 147 male smokers and 30 male non-smokers were included in the current longitudinal study.

Deterioration of endothelial function and carotid intima-media thickness in Tibetan male adolescents exposed to second-hand smoke.

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BACKGROUND It has been commonly accepted that second-hand smoke (SHS) is associated with atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction. There is growing evidence that the changes might begin in childhood. Unfortunately, no study has focused on the early atherosclerosis of Tibetan adolescents exposed

Deterioration of semen quality and sperm-DNA integrity as influenced by cigarette smoking in fertile and infertile human male smokers-A prospective study.

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In modernized lifestyle smoking is one of the trendy, psychological, and socioeconomic scenarios of young adolescents mainly in the age of the reproductive stage. Based on a number of cigarettes smoked, age, and duration of the smoke, the study aims to search for the profound effects of smoking and

The natural history of adult pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis: a prospective multicentre study.

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BACKGROUND The natural history of pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH) has been unclear due to the absence of prospective studies. The rate of patients who experience an early progression of their disease is unknown. Additionally, conflicting effects of smoking cessation on the outcome of

Three-year's changes in glucose tolerance status in the Bellville South cohort: rates and phenotypes associated with progression.

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OBJECTIVE To determine the phenotypes associated with progression to type 2 diabetes or worsening in glucose tolerance during a 3-year follow-up of a community-based cohort in Cape Town, South Africa. METHODS A total of 198 eligible subjects (72.3% women) aged 55.2 years, from the Bellville-South

Leucocyte Telomere Length and Glucose Tolerance Status in Mixed-Ancestry South Africans.

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Telomeres are DNA-tandem repeats situated at the ends of chromosomes and are responsible for genome stabilization. They are eroded by increased cell division, age and oxidative stress with shortened leucocyte telomeres (LTL) being associated with inflammatory disorders, including Type II diabetes.

Vascular component of hand-arm vibration syndrome: a 22-year follow-up study.

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UNASSIGNED Vibration-induced white finger (VWF) is often assessed using the Stockholm Workshop Scale (SWS) and cold challenge plethysmography. However, long-term longitudinal studies using both methods are scarce. UNASSIGNED To study the long-term course and prognostic factors of VWF assessed with

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