cotinine/cefalee

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Symptoms of nicotine toxicity in subjects achieving high cotinine levels during nicotine replacement therapy.

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BACKGROUND Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) aids smoking reduction and cessation. Although NRT is effective and safe, some smokers may achieve high nicotine levels. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence and severity of nicotine-related adverse events in subjects with levels of

Use of cotinine biomarker in workers to detect green tobacco sickness.

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using the urinary cotinine biomarker to verify the occurrence of green tobacco sickness in workers who cultivate Burley tobacco.paired case-control study, based on smoking status and on the 1:4 ratio, with participation of 20 case workers and 91 controls.

Assessment of nicotine inhalation exposure and urinary cotinine of tobacco processing workers.

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OBJECTIVE To study the composition of tobacco dust, atmospheric nicotine concentration, urinary cotinine excretion and the subjective symptoms of workers in dry tobacco leaf preparation. METHODS The tobacco dust in air of the breathing zone of workers and the urine samples of these workers and a

Green tobacco sickness in Poland.

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Green tobacco sickness (GTS) is an illness associated with exposure to nicotine originating directly from the growing tobacco plant. The exposure takes place in the course of activities during tobacco farming. Nausea, vomiting, headache and dizziness are the symptoms typical of GTS. The GTS cases

Effetti delle sigarette elettroniche sulla salute: una revisione sistematica delle prove disponibili.

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In recent years there has been an enormous development in the use of electronic cigarettes (e-cig). In Italy, in the 2019, the users of e-cig are about 900.000. E-cig users tend to overlook the absolute risk of the e-cig product in favor of the relative

Impact of nicotine-induced green tobacco sickness on DNA damage and the relation with symptoms and alterations of redox status in tobacco farmers

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During the harvest period, tobacco workers are exposed to nicotine and it is known that absorption of the alkaloid via the leaves causes green tobacco sickness (GST). We investigated if GST and its symptoms are associated with DNA damage and alterations of the redox status. DNA damage was measured

Stopping smokeless tobacco with varenicline: randomised double blind placebo controlled trial.

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OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy and safety of varenicline (a licensed cigarette smoking cessation aid) in helping users of smokeless tobacco to quit. METHODS Double blind, placebo controlled, parallel group, multicentre, randomised controlled trial. METHODS Medical clinics (mostly primary care) in

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Green Tobacco Sickness among Korean Tobacco Harvesters.

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OBJECTIVE This study was carried out to understand the prevalence and risk factors of green tobacco sickness (GTS) among Korean tobacco harvesters. METHODS The authors conducted a questionnaire among the tobacco harvesters (1, 064 persons from 555 out of 723 tobacco harvesting households) in

Nicotine enemas for treatment of ulcerative colitis: a study of the pharmacokinetics and adverse events associated with three doses of nicotine.

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BACKGROUND Transdermal nicotine is of value in active ulcerative colitis but causes adverse events because of systemic absorption. Nicotine enemas may give rise to fewer adverse events. OBJECTIVE To assess the pharmacokinetics of nicotine enemas in three doses. METHODS Thirteen volunteers, all

Intervention studies against "green symptoms" among Indian tobacco harvesters.

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The use of rubber gloves reduced nicotine and cotinine absorption among 29 tobacco harvesters, as evidenced by the urinary excretion rate of nicotine and cotinine. Approximately 20% (n = 6) of the subjects reported that symptoms disappeared when they used gloves, but the remaining 23 workers

Occupational health problems among tobacco processing workers: a preliminary study.

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Occupational health problems among 100 tobacco processing workers were investigated. Symptoms, including vomiting, giddiness, headache, etc. were found among 69 exposed subjects. It was also observed that the excretion rate of nicotine and cotinine increased among exposed subjects. Biochemical

Nicotine patch therapy in adolescent smokers.

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OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety, tolerance, and efficacy of 24-hour nicotine patch therapy in adolescent smokers who were trying to stop smoking. METHODS Nonrandomized, open-label, 6-month clinical trial. METHODS Five public high schools in the Rochester, MN, area. METHODS Twenty-two adolescent

First reported outbreak of green tobacco sickness in Brazil.

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Dermal absorption of nicotine by people harvesting tobacco may cause an acute intoxication called green tobacco sickness. Although Brazil is the second largest producer of tobacco in the world, green tobacco sickness had not been reported in the country to date. We conducted a 1:1 matched

Treatment of adolescent smokers with the nicotine patch.

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This study examined the effects of the nicotine patch on craving and withdrawal symptoms, safety, and compliance among adolescents. The secondary goal was to conduct a preliminary investigation of the effectiveness of the nicotine patch in helping adolescents quit smoking. The study design was a

Bioavailability and absorption kinetics of nicotine following application of a transdermal system.

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1. The absolute bioavailability and absorption kinetics of nicotine were investigated in 13 healthy adult male smokers following single and multiple applications of a nicotine transdermal system (NTS), designed to release nicotine at an approximate rate of 1.5 mg h-1 over 24 h. The absorption of

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