hyperinsulinism/nicotine

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Long-term use of nicotine gum is associated with hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance.

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BACKGROUND Insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular risk profile were examined in 20 healthy, nonobese, middle-aged men who were long-term users of nicotine-containing chewing gum and in 20 matched control subjects who did not use nicotine. RESULTS Long-term use of nicotine-containing chewing gum was

Nicotine exposure suppresses hyperinsulinemia and improves endothelial dysfunction mediators independent of corticosteroids in insulin-resistant oral contraceptive-treated female rats.

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Estrogen-progestin oral contraceptives (COC) or tobacco smoking has been associated with hypertension and endothelial dysfunction resulting in increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Contrasting effects of nicotine exposure on endothelial function have been reported. The effect of

Effects of Exposure to Tobacco Cigarette, Electronic Cigarette and Heated Tobacco Product on Adipocyte Survival and Differentiation In Vitro.

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Cigarette smoking (CS) causes significant morbidity worldwide, attributed to the numerous toxicants generated by tobacco combustion. Electronic cigarettes (ECIG) and heated tobacco products (HTP) are considered alternative smoking/vaping products that deliver nicotine through an inhaled aerosol and

Effects of tobacco smoke exposure during lactation on nutritional and hormonal profiles in mothers and offspring.

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Exposure to tobacco smoke is related to changes in energy balance regulation and several endocrine dysfunctions. Previously, we showed that maternal nicotine (the main addictive compound of tobacco) exposure exclusively during lactation affects biochemical profiles in mothers, milk, and pups. As the

Maternal tobacco smoke exposure during lactation inhibits catecholamine production by adrenal medullae in adult rat offspring.

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Previously, we have shown that maternal smoke exposure during lactation, even when pups are not exposed, affects biochemical profiles in the offspring at weaning, eliciting lower body adiposity, hyperinsulinemia, hypocorticosteronemia and lower adrenal catecholamine content. However, the future

Estrogen-progestin oral contraceptive and nicotine exposure synergistically confers cardio-renoprotection in female Wistar rats

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Approximately fifty percent of premenopausal women who smoke cigarettes or on nicotine replacement therapy are also on hormonal contraceptives, especially oral estrogen-progestin. Oral estrogen-progestin therapy has been reported to promote insulin resistance (IR) which causes lipid influx into

Calcium supplementation reverts central adiposity, leptin, and insulin resistance in adult offspring programed by neonatal nicotine exposure.

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Obesity is a worldwide epidemic. Calcium influences energy metabolism regulation, causing body weight loss. Because maternal nicotine exposure during lactation programs for obesity, hyperleptinemia, insulin resistance (IR), and hypothyroidism, we decided to evaluate the possible effect of dietary

Activation of AMPKα2 in adipocytes is essential for nicotine-induced insulin resistance in vivo.

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Cigarette smoking promotes body weight reduction in humans while paradoxically also promoting insulin resistance (IR) and hyperinsulinemia. However, the mechanisms behind these effects are unclear. Here we show that nicotine, a major constituent of cigarette smoke, selectively activates

Energy balance and cancers.

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Energy balance results from the exact equilibrium between caloric intake and caloric expenditure. A caloric intake larger than caloric expenditure results in overweight, even obesity, but other determinants, like hormonal dysfunction and/or genetic traits may play a part in obesity syndrome.

Preventing cardiovascular disease in diabetes and glucose intolerance: evidence and implications for care.

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With the increased attention being given to cardiovascular risk factor reduction, the opportunity exists to substantially decrease the largest cause of mortality in diabetic patients. The concept that type 2 diabetes and CVD are linked via a common etiologic pathway (metabolic syndrome) has

Disorders of glucose metabolism and risk of oral cancer.

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Alcohol and tobacco are considered as major risk factors for oral cancer (OC). In the developed countries reduction of alcohol and tobacco consumption has achieved favorable decreasing trends in OC morbidity and mortality over the last decades. At the same time the earlier very high male-female OC

Perinatal outcomes in Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women with mild gestational diabetes.

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OBJECTIVE To compare perinatal outcomes between self-identified Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women with mild gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or glucose intolerance. METHODS In a secondary analysis of a mild GDM treatment trial, we compared perinatal outcomes by race and ethnicity for 767

Preventive cardiology and its potential influence on the early natural history of adult heart diseases: the Bogalusa Heart Study and the Heart Smart Program.

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Observations from pediatric epidemiology studies over the past 20 years document that atherosclerosis and essential hypertension begin in childhood. Evidence of coronary artery disease and hypertensive cardiovascular renal disease is found and relates strongly to clinical cardiovascular risk

Low activity of plasminogen activator: a common feature of non- iatrogenic comorbidities of schizophrenia.

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Understanding the pathogenesis of non-iatrogenic comorbidities of schizophrenia may provide insights into the pathogenesis of schizophrenia itself. First-episode, drug-naïve schizophrenia patients are at high risk of thromboembolic events, diseases related to substance abuse, sexual dysfunction,

Primordial prevention of coronary heart disease in India: challenges and opportunities.

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Demographic shifts, lifestyle changes, and adverse effects of childhood nutrition portend an epidemic of coronary heart disease in the Indian subcontinent, which is currently experiencing health transition. Indian susceptibility includes atherogenic blood lipid levels and a metabolic complex of

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