melanin/seizures

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Mice lacking Melanin Concentrating Hormone 1 receptor are resistant to seizures.

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The Melanin Concentrating Hormone (MCH) system is widely expressed throughout the central nervous system and regulates a variety of physiological functions. It has been reported that acute central administration of MCH inhibits pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizures in rats. In the present study

Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) involvement in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizure in rat and guinea pig.

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Intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced seizure in rats, but was subthreshold and did not result in seizure in guinea pigs. Three days after intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of 75 micrograms 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in guinea pigs, PTZ induced seizures

Melanosomal melanin pigment in pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, evidence for neuronal-glial origin: A case report with review of the literature.

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We describe a unique case of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) in a 19-year-old male presenting with the chief complaint of seizures. On radiology, the tumor was located in the temporal lobe. It was cortically based and solid cystic in nature. Light microscopy showed pleomorphic large polygonal

Antidepressant/anxiolytic potential and adverse effect liabilities of melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1 antagonists in animal models.

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Melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1 (MCH1 receptor) is known to be involved in the control of mood and stress, in addition to the regulation of feeding. Here, we report further evidence that the blockade of the MCH1 receptor exhibits antidepressant and anxiolytic-like effects in a variety of

The distribution of the mRNA and protein products of the melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) receptor gene, slc-1, in the central nervous system of the rat.

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Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH), a 19 amino acid cyclic peptide, is largely expressed in the hypothalamus. It is implicated in the control of general arousal and goal-orientated behaviours in mammals, and appears to be a key messenger in the regulation of food intake. An understanding of the

QDPR homologues in Danio rerio regulate melanin synthesis, early gliogenesis, and glutamine homeostasis.

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Dihydropteridine reductase (QDPR) catalyzes the recycling of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), a cofactor in dopamine, serotonin, and phenylalanine metabolism. QDPR-deficient patients develop neurological symptoms including hypokinesia, truncal hypotonia, intellectual disability and seizures. The

Incontinentia pigmenti achromians (Ito).

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A patient with incontinentia pigmenti achromians was reported. She displayed other abnormalities such as a saddle nose, malformed auricles, growth retardation, convulsions and abnormal EEG. Histopathologically, a partial decrease in melanin granules in the basal layer and the presence of melanocytes

23-year-old man with a superficial cortical brain tumor.

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A 23-year-old male presented with a tonic-clonic generalized seizure. Neuroradiological examination revealed a superficial cystic mass with a mural nodule in the right fronto-parietal lobe. Histological and immunohistochemical examination were consistent with a pigmented (melanin producing)

Cultured melanocytes from dilute mutant mice exhibit dendritic morphology and altered melanosome distribution.

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Mutant alleles at the dilute unconventional myosin heavy chain locus cause diluted coat color, opisthotonic seizures, and death. The dilute coat color phenotype is caused by irregular clumping of pigment in the hair, but amounts of melanin are unchanged from wild-type controls. The melanocyte

Pigmented pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma: report of a rare case with review of the literature.

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We describe a rare case of melanotic pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma in a 32-year-old man who presented with partial complex seizures. Radiologically, the mass was located in the medial temporal lobe and was solid and cystic. Microscopic examination revealed features of a pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma

Hypomelanosis of Ito. Report of a case and review of the literature.

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A 5-month-old boy with hypomelanosis of Ito was studied. Lesions presented as bizarre, hypopigmented whorls and streaks. Histologic studies showed that the hypopigmented areas contained normal melanocytes with decreased content of intracellular melanin. A review of the literature revealed the

[A case of primary intracranial malignant melanoma with characteristic magnetic resonance imaging].

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The authors reported a rare case of primary malignant melanoma in the central nervous system and discussed the findings of MRI. A 60-year-old male was admitted for examinations to discover the cause of his generalized tonic convulsions. On admission, he had neither neurological deficits, nor were

Pigmented variant of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma - A rare long-term epilepsy associated neoplasm.

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Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) is an uncommon, long-term epilepsy associated tumor of young adults. Its pigmented variant is exceedingly rare, with only five previously reported cases on record. We report the sixth case of pigmented PXA in a 24-year-old lady presenting with long-standing

Melatonin deficiencies in women.

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The pineal hormone melatonin is the mediator of external light to physiologic adaptation to day and night rhythms, it regulates reproduction in animals but attempts to utilize melatonin in women for contraception have failed. Melatonin seems to be the natural hormone to facilitate sleep in insomniac

Genetic factors in neurotoxicology and neuropharmacology: a critical evaluation of the use of genetics as a research tool.

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Animals have evolved a detoxication system to enable them to survive in a hostile chemical environment in which foods contain many non-nutrient chemicals. Detoxication depends on enzymes which are often genetically polymorphic. As a result, inter-individual variation is common, and in humans several

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