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Polyamine synthesis in plants: isolation and characterization of spermidine synthase from soybean (Glycine max) axes.

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Spermidine synthase (EC 2.5.1.16) was purified to homogeneity for the cytosol of soybean (Glycine max) axes using ammonium sulfate fractionation and chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel, Sephacryl S-300, omega-aminooctyl-Sepharose and ATPA-Sepharose. The molecular mass of the enzyme estimated by gel

Exogenous Spermidine Promotes γ-Aminobutyric Acid Accumulation and Alleviates the Negative Effect of NaCl Stress in Germinating Soybean (Glycine max L.).

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We investigated the effects of exogenous spermidine (Spd) on the physiological status, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) synthase activity, and gene expressions in germinating soybeans under NaCl stress. The results show that Spd significantly increases sprout growth and biomass, decreases malonaldehyde

Polyamine Titer in the Embryonic Axis and Cotyledons of Glycine max (L.) during Seed Growth and Maturation.

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Active polyamine metabolism occurs in Glycine max (L.) seeds during development. Most (>/=97%) of putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd), spermine (Spm), and cadaverine (Cad) are present as free forms in the growing embryo. In the cotyledon or embryonic axis, Put decreases to a nearly undetectable

Polyamine Anabolism in Germinating Glycine max (L.) Seeds : Dynamics of Cadaverine and Putrescine Formation in the Embryonic Axis.

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Active polyamine biosynthesis occurs in the embryonic axis, but not in the cotyledons, during germination of Glycine max (L.) cv Williams seeds and subsequent growth of the young seedlings. The hypocotyl and radicle synthesize and accumulate considerable amounts of cadaverine (Cad) and putrescine

Rate of synthesis of spermine and spermidine in germinating seeds of Glycine, Helianthus and Triticum.

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The spermine, spermidine, and the total protein content of embryos or embryonic axes from Triticum durum, Helianthus annuus, and Glycine max seeds at different times of early germination was evaluated. Mitotic activity of root-tip meristems from germinating seeds was also determined. The hypothesis

Purification and properties of transglutaminase from soybean (Glycine max) leaves.

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Transglutaminase was purified to homogeneity from leaves of soybean (Glycine max). The molecular weight of the enzyme estimated by gel filtration and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was 80,000 daltons. This purified enzyme catalyzed the incorporation of [14C]-putrescine

Purification and characterization of arginine decarboxylase from soybean (Glycine max) hypocotyls.

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Arginine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.19) was purified from soybean, Glycine max, hypocotyls by a procedure which includes ammonium sulfate fractionation, acetone precipitation, gel filtration chromatography, and affinity chromatography. Using this procedure, ADC was purified to one band in

Release of Calcium from Suspension-Cultured Glycine max Cells by Chitosan, Other Polycations, and Polyamines in Relation to Effects on Membrane Permeability.

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Treatment with chitosan of suspension-cultured Glycine max cells labeled with (45)Ca(2+) caused a rapid release of calcium, which was complete much earlier than the chitosan-induced leakage of intracellular electrolytes and probably reflects calcium loss primarily from the cell wall and/or plasma

Cadaverine, an Essential Diamine for the Normal Root Development of Germinating Soybean (Glycine max) Seeds.

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When the polyamine content of soybean (Glycine max) seeds was examined during the early stages of germination, the major polyamine in the cotyledons was found to be spermidine, followed by spermine; while very low concentrations of cadaverine were found. In the embryonic axes, however, cadaverine

Higher accumulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid induced by salt stress through stimulating the activity of diamine oxidases in Glycine max (L.) Merr. roots.

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Polyamines (PAs) are assumed to perform their functions through their oxidative product such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) formation. However, there is only limited information on the interrelation between PA degradation and GABA accumulation under salt stress. In order to reveal a quantitative

Influence of cultivar and germination on bioactive amines in soybeans (Glycine max L. Merril).

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The levels of amines in soybeans as affected by cultivar in two consecutive years and by germination were investigated. Spermidine, spermine, putrescine, agmatine, and cadaverine were detected, whereas tyramine, histamine, tryptamine, serotonine, and phenylethylamine were not. Spermidine was the

Natural polyamines inhibit soybean (Glycine max) lipoxygenase-1, but not the lipoxygenase-2 isozyme.

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Natural polyamines are shown to inhibit dioxygenase activity of soybean lipoxygenase-1, but they were ineffective toward the lipoxygenase-2 isozyme. The inhibitory power was dependent on the number of basic groups in the molecule, in the order spermine > spermidine > cadaverine >/= putrescine. Both

Shoot-applied polyamines suppress nodule formation in soybean (Glycine max).

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In legumes, the number of root nodules is controlled by a mechanism called autoregulation. Recently, we found that the foliar brassinosteroid (BR), a plant growth-regulating hormone, systemically regulates the nodule number in soybean plants. In the present study we report that such down-regulation

Cadaverine turnover in soybean seedlings using 15N-labelled lysine and cadaverine.

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The synthesis and translocation of the diamine cadaverine during soybean (Glycine max L. Meer cv. Sakai) germination were studied using 15N-labelled lysine (the cadaverine precursor) and 15N-labelled cadaverine, both under light/dark (12 h/12 h) and total dark germinating conditions. 15N-cadaverine

Rhizobium capsici sp. nov., isolated from root tumor of a green bell pepper (Capsicum annuum var. grossum) plant.

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A novel, Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped, aerobic and motile bacterium, designated strain CC-SKC2(T), was isolated from the root tumor of a green bell pepper (Capsicum annuum var. grossum) plant in Taiwan. Cells were positive for oxidase and catalase activities and exhibited growth at 25-37 °C,

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